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Recent advances in researches on physiologically active substances in holothurians |
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| Authors: | Hirata Takashi Zaima Nobuhiro Yamashita Kyoko Noguchi Ryoko Changhu Xue Sugawara Tatsuya |
| Institution: | 1. Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan 2. Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan 3. College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China |
| Abstract: | In this report, we reviewed recent literature on physiologically active substances from sea cucumbers (SCs) andtheir activities together with results obtained from our study. Preventive properties against lipid metabolism were reported inrats using a whole SC preparation with no particular constituent specified. Administration of the preparation lowered serumand hepatic cholesterol levels and improved the HDL/LDL ratio. These functions may be attributed to the stimulatory effectof the extract on the secretion of cholesterol in feces. Novel fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (FCSs) from Ludwigothureagrisea significantly induced fibroblast growth factor 2-dependent angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HU-VECs). The proangiogenetic activity seemed attributable to the action of the sulfated fucose branches on the polysaccharide.SCs contain mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) that are capable of absorbing UV. A biogenetic precursor of MAAs wasfirst reported in SCs. The anti-proliferative effects of a branched chain fatty acid from a sea cucumber on prostate cancercells was reported with the activity of 5-lipoxygenase. Glycosphingolipid constituents in SCs have been systematically ana-lyzed over the past ten years. The results showed that the gangliosides in several SCs differed from those of mammals in thata sialic acid of SC gangliosides directly binded to glucose of cerebroside. Neuritogenic activity of the glycosphingolipids wasdemonstrated in vitro experiments and may lead to the development of therapeutic products for neurological disorders. Ourstudy also showed that sphingoid bases, the hydrolyzed products of glycosphingolipids from SCs, induced significant apoptosisin several tumor cell lines. |
| Keywords: | sphingolipid cholesterol sphingoid base mycosporine |
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