Mapping the diversity of regulating ecosystem services in European cities |
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| Institution: | 1. Humboldt University Berlin, Institute of Geography, Germany;2. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Germany;1. Planning of Landscape and Urban Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;2. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;3. European Commission—Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Via E. Fermi 2749, 20127 Ispra, VA, Italy;1. Humboldt University of Berlin, Dept. of Geography, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany;2. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Climate Impacts & Vulnerabilities - Research Domain II, Telegraphenberg A 31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany;3. Technische Universität Berlin, Dept. of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Straße des 17. Juni 145, 10623 Berlin, Germany;4. Office of Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg, Dept. Microdata, Analyses, Data Research Center, Alt-Friedrichsfelde 60, 10315 Berlin, Germany;1. Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest-and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Peter Jordan Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria;2. Institute of Social Ecology, Department of Economics and Social Sciences (WiSo), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria;3. Institute of Meteorology, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria;4. Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;5. Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Drususallee 1, 39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy;1. Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici Z (ICTA-ICP), Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain;2. Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Alameda de Urquijo 4, 48008 Bilbao, Spain;3. Social?Ecological Systems Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain;4. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi, 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy;5. Department of Geography, Lab for Landscape Ecology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany;6. Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoser Straÿe 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;7. Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 ÿs, Norway;8. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway |
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| Abstract: | This paper presents the first analysis of the diversity of regulating ecosystem services (ESS)—key variables for global environmental sustainability and change in an urban era—across a globally important part of the urban world, urban Europe. We map the first pan-European pattern of regulating ecosystem services in urban core areas and their associated hinterlands and discuss data against the background of each city's land-use development history and planning culture. Upon selecting more than 300 cities, we used the Urban Atlas database and a straightforward calculation method to map three regulating ecosystem services. The main results of this study show (a) a heterogeneous distribution of regulating ecosystem services across European cities, (b) considerable provisioning differences between core cities and the hinterland, (c) a grouping of European regions according to their potential for urban ecosystem service provisioning and (d) an ecosystem services supply ranking for European cities. Considerable differences in urban ecosystem services were found among northern countries, such as Sweden and Finland, which are rich in supplying ecosystem services compared to the UK and Belgium, which, similar to Spanish and Greek cities, are characteristically low in ecosystem services provision. Our results provide the first overall picture of regulating services in urban EU-Europe and serve to inform decisions on the key aspects of future European policy and strategies involving urban nature, green spaces and health. |
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| Keywords: | Urban ecosystem services European cities Core city Hinterland Urban Atlas Regulating services |
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