Reproduction in rare bathyal octopods Pteroctopus tetracirrhus and Scaeurgus unicirrhus (Cephalopoda: Octopoda) in the east Mediterranean as an apparent response to extremely oligotrophic deep seas |
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| Institution: | 2. Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire, United Kingdom;3. CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal;4. School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts – Dartmouth, Fairhaven, Massachusetts, USA;5. Center for Coastal Studies, Provincetown, Massachusetts, USA;11. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Marine Research Laboratories Taroona, Nubeena Crescent, Taroona, Tasmania, Australia;12. Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Institut de Biologie Fondamentale et Appliquée Department, UMR BOREA: Biologie des ORganismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Esplanade de la paix, CS 14032, Caen, France;8. BOREA, UMR CNRS7208, IRD207, UPMC, MNHN, UCBN, Caen, France;9. Japan Sea National Fisheries Research, Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, Suido-cho, Niigata, Japan;112. Fisheries Ecosystems Laboratory, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;123. Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande, CEP, Rio Grande, Brazil;84. National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Shizuoka, Japan;1. Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China;2. The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China;3. Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | Reproductive patterns of two benthic bathyal octopods, Pteroctopus tetracirrhus and Scaeurgus unicirrhus have been studied in extremely nutrient-poor environment of the deep-sea Eastern Mediterranean. Both species were found to exhibit a reproductive tactics of producing eggs much larger than in the western part of the sea which likely results in larger hatchlings with higher viability. P. tetracirrhus exhibited a typical “deep-sea” spawning strategy of simultaneous maturation of a single batch of large eggs with atresia of excessive oocytes, whereas reproductive strategy of S. unicirrhus is particular for shelf octopodids: asynchronous maturation of numerous batches of small eggs with no obvious regulatory atresia. Existence of these two types of ovary development and utilisation of fecundity are closely related to two types of evolutionary stable reproductive strategies based on existence of either very large or very small eggs with a few species occupying the “intermediate” position. |
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| Keywords: | Reproduction Fecundity Deep sea |
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