Effects of surfactants and electrolyte solutions on the properties of soil |
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| Authors: | Junboum Park Cumaraswamy Vipulanandan Jee Woong Kim Myoung Hak Oh |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Civil, Urban & Geosystem Engineering, Seoul National University, Shinlim-dong, Gwanak-gu, 151-742 Seoul, South Korea;(2) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-4003, USA;(3) Weeco International Corp., 4929 Blalock Rd, Houston, TX 77094, USA;(4) Research Institute of Energy and Resources, Seoul National University, Shinlim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | Biosurfactants are frequently used in petroleum hydrocarbon and dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) remediation. The
applicability of biosurfactant use in clayey soils requires an understanding and characterization of their interaction. Comprehensive
effects of surfactants and electrolyte solutions on kaolinite clay soil were investigated for index properties, compaction,
strength characteristics, hydraulic conductivities, and adsorption characteristics. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and NaPO3 decreased the liquid limit and plasticity index of the test soil. Maximum dry unit weights were increased and optimum moisture
contents were decreased as SDS and biosurfactant were added for the compaction tests for mixtures of 30% kaolinite and 70%
sand. The addition of non-ionic surfactant, biosurfactant, and CaCl2 increased the initial elastic modulus and undrained shear strength of the kaolinite–sand mixture soils. Hydraulic conductivities
were measured by fixed-wall double-ring permeameters. Results showed that the hydraulic conductivity was not significantly
affected, but slightly decreased from 1×10−7 cm/s (water) to 0.3×10−7 cm/s for Triton X-100 and SDS. The adsorption characteristics of the chemicals onto kaolinite were also investigated by developing
isotherm curves. SDS adsorbed onto soil particles with the strongest bonding strength of the fluids tested. Correlations among
parameters were developed for surfactants, electrolyte solutions, and clayey soils. |
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| Keywords: | Surfactant Atterberg limits Hydraulic conductivity Adsorption DNAPLs |
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