|
|||||
|
|
Bathing waters: New directive, new standards, new quality approach |
|
| Authors: | Catarina R Mansilha Carla A Coelho João Amado Paula Gameiro |
| Institution: | a Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal b Águas de Gaia, E.E.M., Rua 14 de Outubro, 343, 4431-954, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal c Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal |
| Abstract: | Bathing water quality is an important public health issue, mainly because of fecal contamination. In 2006, the European Commission (EC) adopted a new directive with respect to recreational bathing waters that calls for stricter standards and reduces the number of laboratory tests done in routine beach monitoring from nineteen to two bacterial indicators, namely, Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci, replacing policies of the EC Bathing Water Directive that have existed since 1976. Our practice in Portugal is in line with this international development, and this study demonstrates the equivalency of the new bacteriological parameters with the old. The water quality of 25 coastal beaches was surveyed using both new and old microbiological indicators of fecal contamination. Statistical analysis demonstrated equivalency of the results obtained for fecal coliforms with Escherichia coli and for fecal streptococci with intestinal enterococci. |
| Keywords: | Bathing Water Directive Legislation Fecal indicator bacteria Statistical analysis Water quality Method comparison Coastal water |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ | |