Storm surges and coastal impacts at Mar del Plata,Argentina |
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| Authors: | Mónica ME Fiore Enrique E D’Onofrio Jorge L Pousa Enrique J Schnack Germán R Bértola |
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| Institution: | 1. Departamento de Oceanografía, Servicio de Hidrografía Naval and Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Instituto Universitario Naval, Av. Montes de Oca 2124, C1270ABV Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Laboratorio de Oceanografía Costera, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64, No. 3, Casilla de Correo 45, 1900 La Plata, Argentina;4. Instituto de Geodesia, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Las Heras 2214, C1127AAR Buenos Aires, Argentina;5. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina;6. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Calle 526 e/10 y 11, 1900 La Plata, Argentina;g Centro de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina |
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| Abstract: | Positive storm surges (PSS) lasting for several days can raise the water level producing significant differences between the observed level and the astronomical tide. These storm events can be more severe if they coincide with a high tide or if they bracket several tidal cycles, particularly in the case of the highest astronomical tide. Besides, the abnormal sea-level elevation near the coast can cause the highest waves generated to attack the upper beach. This combination of factors can produce severe erosion, threatening sectors located along the coastline. These effects would be more serious if the storm surge height and duration increase as a result of a climatic change. The Mar del Plata (Argentina) coastline and adjacent areas are exposed to such effects. A statistical characterization of PSS based on their intensity, duration and frequency, including a surge event classification, was performed utilizing tide-gauge records over the period 1956–2005. A storm erosion potential index (SEPI) was calculated from observed levels based on hourly water level measurements. The index was related to beach profile responses to storm events. Also, a return period for extreme SEPI values was calculated. Results show an increase in the average number of positive storm surge events per decade. Considering all the events, the last decade (1996–2005) exhibits an average 7% increase compared to each one of the previous decades. A similar behavior was found for the decadal average of the heights of maximum annual positive storm surges. In this case the average height of the last two decades exceeds that of the previous decades by approximately 8 cm. The decadal average of maximum annual duration of these meteorological events shows an increase of 2 h in the last three decades. A possible explanation of the changes in frequency, height and duration of positive storm surges at Mar del Plata would seem to lie in the relative mean sea-level rise. |
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| Keywords: | Storm surges Storm index Erosion Sea level Beach profiles Argentina Mar del Plata |
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