Rapid,low-cost photogrammetry to monitor volcanic eruptions: an example from Mount St. Helens,Washington, USA |
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| Authors: | Angela K Diefenbach Juliet G Crider Steve P Schilling Daniel Dzurisin |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Geology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA;(2) Cascades Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683, USA;(3) Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA |
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| Abstract: | We describe a low-cost application of digital photogrammetry using commercially available photogrammetric software and oblique
photographs taken with an off-the-shelf digital camera to create sequential digital elevation models (DEMs) of a lava dome
that grew during the 2004–2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens (MSH) volcano. Renewed activity at MSH provided an opportunity
to devise and test this method, because it could be validated against other observations of this well-monitored volcano. The
datasets consist of oblique aerial photographs (snapshots) taken from a helicopter using a digital single-lens reflex camera.
Twelve sets of overlapping digital images of the dome taken during 2004–2007 were used to produce DEMs and to calculate lava
dome volumes and extrusion rates. Analyses of the digital images were carried out using photogrammetric software to produce
three-dimensional coordinates of points identified in multiple photos. The evolving morphology of the dome was modeled by
comparing successive DEMs. Results were validated by comparison to volume measurements derived from traditional vertical photogrammetric
surveys by the US Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory. Our technique was significantly less expensive and required
less time than traditional vertical photogrammetric techniques; yet, it consistently yielded volume estimates within 5% of
the traditional method. This technique provides an inexpensive, rapid assessment tool for tracking lava dome growth or other
topographic changes at restless volcanoes. |
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