| 环境与健康的评估问题和空间分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 林绍颜.环境与健康的评估问题和空间分析[J].地理学报,2001,56(2):239-247. |
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| 作者姓名： | 林绍颜 |
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| 作者单位： | 路易斯安纳州立大学地理及人类学系 路易斯安纳 70803，美国 |
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| 基金项目： | Louisiana Office of Public Health & United States Agency for Toxic Sustances and Disease Agency |
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| 摘 要： | 评估环境污染对人民健康影响的研究需要结合空间，时间和统计分析，并吸引不同学科背景的研究人员合作研究，可是，在这个研究领域内，最重要的问题是研究结论的不可靠性程度很高，不同的研究方法会导致不同的结论，一个有系统的研究架构拥有不同的空间分析方法将会减少结论的可疑程度，有效的环保政策是需要可靠的研究成果，文中首先介绍在环境与健康的评估研究领域的四大重要问题，指出这项研究需要这项研究需要空间分析和地理信息系统方法，从而提出一个空间分析的研究框架和内裹的方法，通过路易斯安纳州的一个污染地点和肿瘤发病率关系研究实例，指出这项研究领域的各种问题和空间分析架构的重要性。
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| 关 键 词： | 健康评估 空间分析 不确定性 路易斯安纳州 环境污染 地理信息系统 |
| 文章编号： | 0375-5444(2001)02-0239-09 |
| 修稿时间： | 2000年9月14日 |
Spatial Analysis for Reducing Uncertainties in Human Health Risk Assessment |
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| Nina Siu,Ngan Lam.Spatial Analysis for Reducing Uncertainties in Human Health Risk Assessment[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2001,56(2):239-247. |
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| Authors: | Nina Siu Ngan Lam |
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| Abstract: | Combining spatial, temporal, and statistical methods in assessing human health risks near a potential source of environmental pollution has been a central research topic attracting researchers from various disciplines. Existing data and methodological problems of human health risk assessment, however, have contributed significantly to the uncertainties in the assessment results. An integrated spatial analytical framework that can provide strategic evaluation and reduce uncertainties in human public health risk assessment is very much needed to help reveal the underlying relationships between suspected pollution sources and human health outcomes, so that sensible and effective health and environmental policies can be devised. This paper identifies four major problems in human health risk assessment, including data availability and scale, methods of analysis, interpretations, and reactions to interpretations. Unlike other environmental analyses, human health risk assessment must require both health and demographic data, therefore, the very nature of it requires spatial analysis and GIS. In order to reduce uncertainties in the assessment results, the spatial analytical framework must be comprehensive, integrative, and interactive. A framework that has four groups of functions is proposed, including visualization and measurement, cluster detection, scale analysis, and focused exposure modeling. Using an example from a previous study on the relationship between a Superfund hazardous waste site in Louisiana and the cancer incidence statistics surrounding the site, this paper demonstrates that ambiguity and uncertainties occur in many analysis steps, confirming further the need to develop a systematic spatial analysis framework to reducing uncertainties in the public health risk assessment process. |
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| Keywords: | spatial analysis geographic information system uncertainties health |
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