Toxicity of metal mixtures to the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae |
| |
| Authors: | MG Frías-Espericueta D Voltolina I Osuna-Lpez G Izaguirre-Fierro |
| |
| Institution: | aAutonomous University of Sinaloa, Faculty of Marine Science, Environmental Studies Laboratory, P.O. Box 1132, Mazatlán, Sinaloa 82000, Mexico;bCenter of Biological Research of the North West, UAS–CIBNOR Laboratory, P.O. Box 1132, Mazatlán, Sinaloa 82000, Mexico |
| |
| Abstract: | According to the literature, the safe level of a toxic substance for any given organism may be calculated from its median lethal concentration multiplied by a suitable application factor (AF: usually 0.1 and 0.01). The medial lethal concentrations for Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae exposed to the mixtures in equitoxic proportions of Cd–Hg, Hg–Zn and Hg–Pb were close to one order of magnitude lower than the values calculated from individual toxicity tests, indicating a synergistic effect, while the mixture Cd–Zn showed an antagonistic effect. Exposure to the mixture of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb caused 63.3% and 100% mortality after 21 and 13 days for 0.05 and 0.1 AF, showing that environmental safe concentrations of toxicants should not be calculated from individual toxicity tests. |
| |
| Keywords: | Toxicity Safe level Metal mixtures Litopenaeus vannamei |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
