Polar ice sheets: Developments since Wegener |
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Authors: | Dr G de Q Robin |
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Institution: | (1) Present address: Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, CB2 1ER Cambridge, England |
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Abstract: | Wegener's expeditions pioneered many measurements that are now essential for computer modelling of ice sheets. Advances in knowledge of accumulation, thickness, temperature, crystal fabric and surface mapping of ice sheets and of impurities, gas content and isotopic ratios of ice cores from these ice sheets are outlined before computer modelling work is discussed. The value of such studies in providing large scale tests of geophysical concepts is emphasized. The paper concludes by suggesting that the drag of continental ice sheets on the top of continental blocks might be of comparable magnitude and tend to balance forces on the base of these blocks by motion of the asthenosphere. Apart from providing a possible reason for the aseismic nature of the Antarctic and Greenland land masses, the hypothesis provides a suitable link for this volume between Wegener's interest in continental ice sheets and continental drift.
Zusammenfassung Wegeners Expeditionen haben viele Messungen angeregt, die zu Ergebnissen geführt haben, die nunmehr reif sind für Computer-Modelle von Eisdecken. Es werden die Fortschritte in der Kenntnis von Akkumulationsraten, Mächtigkeit, Temperatur, Kristallstruktur, Oberflächenkartierung von Eisdecken und Verunreinigungen umrissen. Danach wird die Arbeit mit dem Computer-Modell diskutiert. Der Wert solcher Untersuchungen für großmaßstäbliche Tests geophysikalischer Konzepte wird betont. Die Ergebnisse lassen erwarten, daß die Schubkräfte der kontinentalen Eisdecken auf dem Top der kontinentalen Blöcke in derselben Größenordnung liegen könnten wie die aus der Bewegung der Asthenosphäre an der Basis dieser Blöcke. Letztere könnten damit kompensiert werden.Unabhängig davon, daß die aufgestellte Hypothese mögliche Argumente für die aseismische Natur der Antarktischen und Grönland-Massen aufzeigt, verbindet sie im Rahmen dieses Bandes Wegeners Interesse an kontinentalen Eisdecken mit der Kontinentaldrift.
Résumé Les expéditions de Wegener ont suscité de nombreuses mesures qui ont fourni des données aujourd'hui mûres pour établir des modèles de couvertures glaciaires par la voie de calculatrices. Mais avant de discuter ce procédé, mention est faite des progrès accomplis dans la connaissance de l'accumulation, de l'épaisseur, de la température, de la structure cristalline et de la cartographie des couvertures glaciaires ainsi que de leurs impuretés, leur teneur en gas et les rapports d'isotopes dans les carottes qui y ont été prélevées, études dont il convient de souligner la valeur par les données à grande échelles qu'elles ont fourni à l'appui de concepts géophysiques. Le mémoire conclut sur la suggestion que les forces d'entrainement des couvertures glaciaires continentales sur la surface des blocs continentaux doit être d'un ordre comparable aux forces agissant à la base de ces blocs dans leur mouvement sur l'asthénosphère et qu'ils tendent à égaler. Outre qu'elle donne une raison possible de la nature asismique du continent antactique et du Groenland, cette hypothèse, dans ce volume, forme un trait d'union dans les intérêts que Wegener a portés aux couvertures glaciaires continentales et à la dérive des continents.
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