Some thoughts on the freezing and melting of sea ice and their effects on the ocean |
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| Institution: | 1. Université de Paris, Infection, Antimicrobiens, Modélisation, Évolution (IAME), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France;2. *Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bichat, Infection Control Unit, F-75018 Paris, France;3. AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Infection Control Unit, Bobigny, France;1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada;2. Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland;1. Universidad Veracruzana, Lomas del estadio S/N, Xalapa, Ver. C.P, 91000, Mexico;2. Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, 365 Weil Hall, P.O. Box 116580, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA;3. CONACYT – Universidad Veracruzana, Lomas del estadio S/N, Xalapa, Ver. C.P, 91000, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | The high-latitude freezing and melting cycle can variously result in haline convection, freshwater capping or freshwater injection into the interior ocean. An example of the latter process is a secondary salinity minimum near 800 m-depth within the Arctic Ocean that results from the transformation on the Barents Sea shelf of Atlantic water from the Norwegian Sea and its subsequent intrusion into the Arctic Ocean. About one-third of the freshening on the shelf of that initially saline water appears to result from ice melt, although the actual sea ice flux is small, only about 0.005 Sv. A curious feature of this process is that water distilled at the surface of the Arctic Ocean by freezing ends up at mid-depth in the same ocean. This is a consequence of the ice being exported southward onto the shelf, melted, and then entrained into the northward Barents Sea throughflow that subsequently sinks into the Arctic Ocean. Prolonged reduction in sea ice in the region and in the concomitant freshwater injection would likely result in a warmer and more saline interior Arctic Ocean below 800 m. |
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