Russia: climate policy formation and implementation during the 1990s |
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| Institution: | 1. Warwick Business School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV5 7AL, UK;2. Department of Political Sciences, Ghent University, Universiteitstraat 8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium;3. Centre for Russian, European and Eurasian Studies, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15, 2TT, UK;1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China;2. Discipline of Public Health, School of Population Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia;3. Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;4. Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi, China;5. State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;6. Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;7. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China;1. Department of Political Science, Trinity College Dublin, 3 College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland;2. Department of Politics and Exeter Q-Step Centre, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter, Devon EX4 4RJ, United Kingdom;3. Department of Politics and International Relations, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham NG1 4BU, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Russian climate policy initially developed slowly, mostly in response to the emerging international regime in the early 1990s. Developments accelerated by the end of the decade, under the influence of the UNFCCC, and especially, its Kyoto Protocol. Developments included creation of institutional framework for domestic implementation of its reporting and other UNFCCC commitments, formulation of mitigation and adaptation strategies and measures, GHG inventory compilation and reporting, crystallizing its major national positions towards international mechanisms, initiation of vertical subsidiarity of government authority in climate policy implementation, and channeling interactions between the government and business community. The Kyoto Protocol and its international mechanisms (particularly IET and JI), mark a turning point, with opportunities for Russia to benefit if the Kyoto Protocol enters into force; the apparent US withdrawal from Kyoto puts Russia in a central position. Besides external influences, national climate policy has been strongly influenced by the domestic reforms towards market economy and democracy: combining new opportunities with constraints characteristic of the transition period. The gap between climate policy goals and putting them in practice has been considerable, but is narrowing. |
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