| 黄河上游玛曲湿地退化现状、成因及保护对策 |
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| 引用本文： | 戚登臣,李广宇.黄河上游玛曲湿地退化现状、成因及保护对策[J].湿地科学,2007,5(4):341-347. |
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| 作者姓名： | 戚登臣 李广宇 |
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| 作者单位： | 甘肃省林业科学研究院,甘肃,兰州,730020 |
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| 基金项目： | 甘肃省科技攻关项目;甘肃省重大科技专项 |
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| 摘 要： | 位于黄河上游的玛曲湿地由于地处特殊的地理位置,具有特殊的生态功能,除了蓄水、涵养水源和维持生物多样性外,对调节黄河水量、泥沙量、小气候和维持区域生态平衡、社会经济的可持续发展具有重大意义。但近年来玛曲湿地大面积干涸和萎缩、湿地功能退化现象十分严重,这是自然因素与人为因素综合作用的结果。在对玛曲湿地退化因素深入分析与研究的基础上,提出了相应的保护对策。对于其保护,即要有制度的完善,又要有成熟的治理技术,制度应优先于技术;只有在制度不断完善、法制不断健全和人们思想观念逐渐提高的前提下,再采用先进的、可操作性强的、行之有效的治理技术,经过长期的治理与保护,玛曲持续多年的湿地退化问题才能从根本上得到解决。
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| 关 键 词： | 玛曲湿地 退化现状 退化因素 保护对策 |
| 文章编号： | 1672-5948（2007）04-341-07 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007-07-13 |
| 修稿时间： | 2007-10-22 |
Status, Causes and Protection Countermeasures of Wetland Degradation in Maqu County in the Upper Yellow River |
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| QI Deng-Chen,LI Guang-Yu.Status, Causes and Protection Countermeasures of Wetland Degradation in Maqu County in the Upper Yellow River[J].Wetland Science,2007,5(4):341-347. |
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| Authors: | QI Deng-Chen LI Guang-Yu |
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| Abstract: | Wetland is praised as"kidney of the earth" and regarded as one of three main ecosystems,besides forest and ocean on the earth.Apart from offering human being food,materials and water resources,wetland has important environment regulating function and irreplaceable effects on maintaining regional ecological balance,conserving biodiversity and precious species,etc..Maqu wetland in the upper Yellow River has special ecological function because of its special geographical location.However,it is very serious in drying,shrinking and degradation of wetland in Maqu county.Damages and causes of wetland degradation of Maqu county in the upper Yellow River were mainly expounded in the paper.The damages of wetland degradation in Maqu county mainly include rapidly decreasing of water conservation function,aggravating of soil erosion,sharply reducing of biodiversity,largely degrading of wetland grassland and increasing of ecological refugee.The causes of wetland degradation are the results of both natural factors and factitious factors.The natural factors mainly include climate warming,precipitation reducing,groundwater level declining and geological structure of soil changing;the influences of human activities mainly include overgrazing,excessively digging,frequently occurring of rats and pests disaster and increasingly enlarging of wetland grassland desertification area.The corresponding protection countermeasures of Maqu wetland were presented,including raising the environment protecting consciousness of local people,reinforcing lawmaking of wetland,perfecting wetland policy and law,increasing financing investment,enhancing wetland science and technology research and application,developing wetland ecological tourism resources,truly fulfilling grassland contract system and strictly controlling grazing intensity.With regard to protection of wetland,there need not only improving of rules and regulations,but mature control techniques as well and the regulations should be prior to the techniques.The degradation of wetland in Maqu county can not be solved drastically until the regulations are enhanced,legal system are perfected and the consciousness of people' improved continually.At the same time,it must be done for wetlands to adopt the advanced,operable in Maqu county,effective and feasible control techniques as well as long term control and protection. |
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| Keywords: | wetlands in Maqu county status of wetland degradation factors of degradation protection countermeasures |
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