| 自然材料与地球科学 |
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| 引用本文： | 马岳韬,高平平.自然材料与地球科学[J].地球科学,2019,44(7):2567-2578. |
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| 作者姓名： | 马岳韬 高平平 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.西南交通大学材料科学与工程学院, 四川成都, 611756 |
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| 摘 要： | 地球是一个由无机材料、有机材料和生物材料组成的巨型系统，也是一个运行了46亿年的材料合成与加工的巨型工厂，蕴含了丰富的材料组成、结构、性能、制备工艺和使役等一体化信息.如何向大自然学习，获得大自然的材料密码，以提高人类对新材料的预测能力和制造能力，是材料科学值得关注的新方向.本文系统综述了地球系统中元素、自然矿物材料、自然生物材料的种类和分布，阐述了自然界普遍存在而稳定的核壳复合结构以及超浸润性的表面结构，总结了分选与压实、熔铸与烧结、冷凝与烘烤等自然材料的加工工艺，初步搭建自然材料学的研究构架，为自然材料信息库的建设提供参考.
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| 关 键 词： | 自然材料 地球系统 分类 结构 工艺 矿物 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-01-30 |
Natural Materials and Earth Sciences |
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| Abstract: | The Earth is a giant system composed of inorganic materials, organic materials and biological materials and a huge factory for material synthesis and processing that has been running for 4.6 billion years. It contains abundant integrated information of material compositions, structural properties, preparation processes and services. It has become a new research field worthy of attention in material science to learn from nature and obtain the key codes of natural materials to improve the prediction ability and manufacturing ability of new materials. In this study, the types and distribution of elements, natural mineral and natural biological material of Earth system were systematically summarized, and the core-shell structure in different scales and superwettability surface structure in different types in nature were discussed. In addition, the preparation and processing technologies of natural inorganic materials, such as separation and compaction, casting and sintering, condensation and baking, were analyzed. The research framework of Natural Materialogy was preliminarily established. The results of this study will provide a reference for the construction of natural materials database on Earth. |
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