| 海水进退、滩坪出没、云化岩溶等与碳酸盐岩储层关系研究——以上扬子地台龙王庙组为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 任娜娜,韩波,张军涛,冯菊芳,王晓涛,朱爽,马强,田海芹,何治亮.海水进退、滩坪出没、云化岩溶等与碳酸盐岩储层关系研究——以上扬子地台龙王庙组为例[J].沉积学报,2018,36(6):1190-1205. |
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| 作者姓名： | 任娜娜 韩波 张军涛 冯菊芳 王晓涛 朱爽 马强 田海芹 何治亮 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083; |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类）（XDA14010201）；国家自然科学基金项目（U1663209） |
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| 摘 要： | 大量的油气勘探开发实践证实碳酸盐岩储层类型主要有礁滩储层、白云岩储层、岩溶储层及裂缝性（灰岩）储层。因此，在进一步的油气勘探生产中，能否成功预测这些储层的分布及评价就成为了关键任务。应用碳酸盐岩台地滩坪组合快速分析法对四川盆地及其周缘6条野外基干剖面进行实测、2口钻井基干剖面进行描述以及81个露头和钻井等资料点的重新解释以及岩石薄片、阴极发光等室内分析。在此基础上，编制了大量的单因素图、综合沉积模式图、储层分布预测图等，并经过综合研究，总结出了"滩、云滩、云溶滩"（加裂缝），储层物性渐次变好的规律。并认为:1）扬子台地龙王庙组，在特殊气候异常蒸发风暴发育时期，海水进退、滩坪出没、云化岩溶等因素共同控制了滩体储层的发育、云化、岩溶等储层优化作用。2）因初始孔隙系统的重要性及其对后期演化提供有利条件，所以同生、准同生及准同生后早期的白云化作用及岩溶作用对储层形成意义重大；表生岩溶作用（及裂缝），既可大大改善储层物性，也可形成新的储集空间。3）扬子台地龙王庙期滩相发育的特殊时期和环境条件——台平、坡陡、盆深的古地理沉积格局，适用"碳酸盐岩台地滩坪组合快速沉积相分析法"。即"以滩为原点"取相对古水深10 m（最佳区间在5~15 m之间），通过岩性、沉积构造（如滩条组合或滩坪组合）等沉积特征快速识别浅水环境和相对深水环境，快速识别沉积相；并对其定量赋值取20 m和0 m，恢复古水深。通过该方法可以快速绘制相对海平面升降变化曲线，识别层序、划分体系域，最终在研究区识别出了"台地之上滩连滩"以及"滩坪组合"的新型沉积模式，为储层的成因和分布研究奠定了可靠的地质学基础。
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| 关 键 词： | 碳酸盐岩台地 滩坪组合 储层 控制因素 滩 云滩 云溶滩 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-07-01 |
Study on Correlation between Carbonate Reservoirs and Transgression or Regression of Sea water,Uplifting or Sinking of Shoal Flat,and Dolomitized Karst——A case study of the Longwangmiao Formation of the Yangtze Platform |
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| Institution: | 1.SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China;2.School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;3.School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | There are four types of reservoirs in the carbonate rocks confirmed by the practices of oil and gas exploration and production, namely reef and shoal reservoirs, dolomite reservoirs, erosion(karst) reservoirs, and fracture reservoirs. Therefore, the control factors of the reservoirs play a very important role in the practices. Six main outcrop profiles, 2 main well sections, and 81 various information points are analyzed using the methodology of "rapid sedimentary facies analysis of the shoal and flat assemblage", as well as rock slices and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the laboratory.On this basis, a large number of single factor maps, comprehensive sedimentary model maps, reservoir distribution prediction maps, and other maps have been completed, and finally summed up by the "Shoal,Dolomitization Shoal, Dolomitization and erosional shoal" (with fractures);the reservoir physical properties gradually improve.Therefore, it is considered that:1) the Longwangmiao Formation carbonates formed under arid climate conditions and were frequently influenced by storm activities. The carbonate reservoirs are controlled by various factors, including transgression or regression, shoal and tidal flat over or below the water, dolomitization, and dissolution. 2) Because of the benefitof primary porosity systems and their evolution, the erosions and dolomitizations during the contemporaneous period, penecontemporaneous period, and the early period following the contemporaneous are extremely important. The surface karsts not only improve the reservoir properties, but also increase the reservoir spaces. 3) Influenced by sea level and palaeogeomorphology, a combination of grain banks and dolomite flats or a combination of grain banks and limestone flats are widely distributed. The methodology of rapid sedimentary facies analysis of the shoal and flat assemblage in a carbonate platform can be applied to the unusual periods and conditions in the Yangtze Platform:the smooth bottom,steep slope, and the deep basin in the Longwangmiao Formation of the Early Cambrian. The method takes the shoal as the base point, giving there lative paleowater deptha value of 10 m (optimal interval value 5-15 m); giving the shoal and belt(limestones or dolostones) assemblage 20 m; and the shoal and lamina(laminatedcontemporaneous dolomites) assemblage 0 m. Thus, the curve of sea level changes can be drawn quickly, and the sequences and system tracts also can be recognized. Finally, a new sedimentary model of "shoal-to-shoal on the platform" and "Shoal flat assemblage" is identified in the study area, which provides a reliable geological foundation for the study of reservoir genesis and distribution. |
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