| 南疆西部沙尘天气长期变化及突变特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 玛依热.艾海提,周元逸,赵海军,阿依夏木·买买提托合提,胡素琴.南疆西部沙尘天气长期变化及突变特征分析[J].新疆气象,2023,17(3):107-115. |
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| 作者姓名： | 玛依热.艾海提 周元逸 赵海军 阿依夏木·买买提托合提 胡素琴 |
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| 作者单位： | 喀什地区气象局;临沂市气象局;和田地区气象局 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41875019）；中国沙漠气象科学研究基金（SQJ2020010) 资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用南疆西部15个国家气象站1961—2019年逐日沙尘天气资料，采用气候倾向率和统计检验等方法对南疆西部沙尘天气的时空变化特征进行分析。研究表明：春季为南疆西部沙尘暴及浮尘天气出现最多的季节、扬沙天气出现次多的季节，分别占全年沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘的49%、38%、43%；夏季为扬沙天气出现最多的季节、是沙尘暴、浮尘天气出现次多的季节，分别占全年沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘的35%、43%、35%；冬季为低频季节，发生占比分别为7%、6%、14%。南疆西部沙尘天气呈东多西少特征，山区沙尘天气日数明显少于平原，浮尘天气平原地区分布均匀，沙尘暴、扬沙平原东部和南部区域多于平原腹地。沙尘天气日数年际变化振幅较大，沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘日数整体呈明显减少趋势。浮尘年际变化周期显著，其次为扬沙与沙尘暴，1984和1977年为沙尘暴、浮尘统计定义上的突变年份，扬沙存在2个突变点，分别为1982和1992年。沙尘暴和扬沙的主导风向为偏西北风，浮尘主导风向为偏东北风，主导风向与地形影响关联密切。
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| 关 键 词： | 南疆西部 沙尘天气 气候趋势 突变检验 相关性分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/7/25 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/6/2 0:00:00 |
Analysis of Long-term Variation and Abrupt Change of Dust Weather in Western Southern Xinjiang |
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| Institution: | Kashger Meteorological Observatory;Hotan Meteorological Observatory |
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| Abstract: | Based on the daily dust data of 15 national meteorological stations in Western Southern Xinjiang from 1961 to 2019, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of dust weather in Western Southern Xinjiang are analyzed by using the methods of climate tendency rate and statistical test. Research shows: Spring is the most frequent season for sandstorm and floating dust weather, and the second most frequent season for sand-blowing weather , accounting for 49%, 38% and 43% of sandstorm, sand-blowing and floating dust of the whole year respectively. Summer is the most frequent season for sand-blowing weather, and the second most frequent season for sandstorm and floating dust, accounting for 35%, 43% and 35% of sandstorm, sand-blowing and floating dust of the whole year respectively. Winter is the low-frequency season, accounting for 7%, 6% and 14%, respectively. In the Western Southern Xinjiang, the number of dust days in the mountainous area is obviously less than that in the plain area, and the distribution of floating dust in the plain area is more uniform. In the eastern and southern parts of the sandstorm and the sand-blowing plain is more than that in the hinterland of the plain area. The interannual variation trend amplitude of sand dust days in the west of Southern Xinjiang is large, and the number of sand storm, sand blowing and floating dust days shows an obvious decreasing trend as a whole. The change cycle of floating dust years is significant, followed by sandstorm and sand-blowing. The years 1984,1977 were the mutation years defined by sandstorm and floating dust statistics, and the two mutation years in sand-blowing were 1982,1992. The dominant wind direction of sandstorm and sand-blowing is mainly northwest wind, while that of floating dust is northeast wind, and the dominant wind direction is closely related to the topography. |
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| Keywords: | Western Southern Xinjiang Dust Climatic Trend Catastrophe Test Correlation analysis |
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