| 沉积物和悬浮颗粒物在岩溶水系统污染物衰减与运移中的作用 |
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| 作者姓名： | Nico Goldscheider Michiel Pronk Jakob Zopfi |
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| 作者单位： | Nico Goldscheider,Michiel Pronk(Centre of Hydrogeology University of Neuch atel 2009 Neuch atel,Switzerland);Jakob Zopfi(Institute of Geology and Palaeontology University of Lausanne 1015 Lausanne,Switzerland) |
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| 基金项目： | 瑞士国家科学基金，the Swiss National Science Foundation |
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| 摘 要： | 本文讨论了沉积物和悬浮颗粒物/胶体在岩溶水系统污染物衰减与运移中的作用,介绍了关于瑞士某岩溶水系统内颗粒物与微生物污染间关系的试验结果。该试验场包括一个接纳农田排水的落水洞及与其相连的两个泉,其中一个泉是供水水源地。利用便携式粒子计实时监测泉水中颗粒分布的变化情况,同时对浊度、总有机碳和其它参数进行连续监测;并对水中E型大肠菌群进行了分析。在暴雨过后,观测到了浊度的两种不同表现：在泉排泄量增加时,浊度最初表现为脉状水动力条件下岩溶系统内沉积物的二次运移;几天后观测到的浊度则表明水已从落水洞到了泉口,常常具有高的总有机碳、硝酸盐及E型大肠菌群。颗粒分布分析结果差异更大：早期的浊度是不同粒径颗粒物的混合,而后期的浊度更多的是由较细颗粒构成,因为大颗粒物已沉积在落水洞到泉口之间的岩溶系统内。E型大肠菌群与0.9～1.5μm颗粒物之间具有很好的相关性。因而较细颗粒的相对增加可应用于微生物污染“早期预报系统”。除了水污染,颗粒分布还可以帮助我们研究岩溶环境的其它问题,如土壤侵蚀。
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| 关 键 词： | 岩溶水系统 浊度 颗粒分布 沉积物运移 地下水污染 粪便细菌 微生物病原体 |
| 收稿时间： | 4/9/2009 12:00:00 AM |
Role of sediments and suspended particles for contaminant attenuation and transport in karst aquifer systems |
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| Nico Goldscheider,Michiel Pronk,Jakob Zopfi.Role of sediments and suspended particles for contaminant attenuation and transport in karst aquifer systems[J].Carsologica Sinica,2009,28(2):113-121. |
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| Authors: | Nico Goldscheider Michiel Pronk and Jakob Zopfi |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre of Hydrogeology University of Neuch atel 2009 Neuch atel,Switzerland
2. Institute of Geology and Palaeontology University of Lausanne 1015 Lausanne,Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | This paper discusses the roles of sediments and suspended particles/colloids for contaminant attenuation and transport in karst groundwater and presents experimental results concerning the relations between particles and microbial contamination in a karst system in Switzerland. The test site consists of a swallow hole draining agricultural land, connected to two springs, one of which is used for water supply. A portable particle counter was used to obtain detailed time-series of Particle-Size Distribution (PSD) in spring water, along with continuous monitoring of turbidity, total organic carbon (TOC) and other parameters, and analyses of faecal bacteria(Eschericha coli (E. coli)). Two types of turbidity were observed at the springs following intense rainfall: A primary signal occurred during increasing discharge and is explained by remobilisation of intrakarstic sediments due to a hydraulic pulse (autochthonous or pulse-through turbidity). A secondary turbidity is typically observed after several days and indicates the arrival of water from the swallow hole (allochthonous or flow-through turbidity)to spring, often associated with high levels of TOC, nitrate and E.coli. PSD analyses allowed further differentiation: The primary turbidity consists of a mixture of different particles sizes, while the secondary signal predominantly consists of very fine particles, because larger particles are removed by sedimentation between the swallow hole and the springs. There is good correlation between E.coli and 0.9～1.5 μm flow-through particles. A relative increase of very fine particles can thus be used as an "early-warning system" for microbial contamination. PSD monitoring could also help to study other problems in karst environments, not only water contamination, but also soil erosion. |
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| Keywords: | karst aquifer turbidity particle-size distribution sediment transport groundwater contamination faecal bacteria microbial pathogens |
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