| 城市内部居住环境评价的指标体系和方法 |
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| 引用本文： | 张文忠.城市内部居住环境评价的指标体系和方法[J].地理科学,2007,27(1):17-23. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张文忠 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(40571048)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | “宜居城市”已经引起了政府、媒体和学者极大的关注,但主要集中在概念层面上,关于“宜居城市”的倡导或研究不应停留概念的炒作上,应该明确其内涵、量化其评价指标、确定其建设的方向和步骤等。立足于国内外相关研究基础,凸现“以人为本”的城市建设理念,就城市内部居住环境的评价内容、指标体系设计和评价方法等进行探讨。重点对构成居住环境评价的5大指标体系,安全性、环境的健康性、生活的便利性、出行的便捷度、居住的舒适度等具体评价内容、数据获取和方法选择等进行了研究。
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| 关 键 词： | 城市内部 宜居城市 居住环境 人居环境 评价体系 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-0690（2007）01-0017-07 |
| 收稿时间： | 01 1 2006 12:00AM |
| 修稿时间： | 2006-01-012006-05-22 |
Index System and Method of Residential Environmental Evaluation in Inner Cities |
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| ZHANG Wen-Zhong.Index System and Method of Residential Environmental Evaluation in Inner Cities[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2007,27(1):17-23. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Wen-Zhong |
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| Institution: | Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 |
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| Abstract: | Recently,governments have paid attention to a Livable City as well as researchers and the media in China so that a Livable City has become a new focus in Chinese urban development,but they mostly focus on the concept of a Livable City and few could turn ideas into action.The paper points out that we should make the intrinsic meaning of a Livable City clear and confirm the definitions of Livability and a Livable City and principles of a Livable City,and then establish and quantify its index system.Through the evaluation of a Livable City,we would find the strength and weakness of the city as a Livable City,which would be helpful to confirm its construction orientation and developmental steps in the future.Based on relevant research literatures of theory about a Livable City and practice of urban construction and the concept of "a city for people",the paper systematically does research on evaluative content of a Livable City,index system design and evaluative methods of residential environment in inner cities.Firstly,The paper sets up the evaluative framework of a Livable City focusing on appraising 5 indexes such as convenience,amenity,health,safety and community of a city,which includes two index systems,that is,the index system of objective evaluation including 5 index and 21 sub-indexes and the index system of subjective evaluation including 5 index systems and 31 sub-indexes.Secondly,the paper discusses how to gather data.On the one hand,the objective data should be got from digital map,SPOT data,GIS data and so on.On the other hand,the subjective data should mainly gather resident survey data and fieldwork.Finally,the paper presents three main evaluative method systems such as Economical Value Evaluation,GIS tools and econometric estimation.Economical Value Evaluation,aiming to assess the value of residential environment adjustment and value difference of residential environment,includes Contingent Valuation Method,Direct Expenditure Method,Consumer's Surplus Method,Travel Cost Method,Hedonic Price Method,Contingent Valuation Method and Computable General Equilibrium.Furthermore,the paper establishes a framework of residential environmental evaluation based on GIS to quantify different spatial levels of residential environment in inner cities and put evaluative results into maps directly, and then it would also analyze effecting factors,spatial differences and spatial structure of a city as a Livable City by multidimensional scaling,factor analysis,cluster analysis and multiple regression analysis.According to the evaluative results,we can prospect the trends in the determinants of livability and spatial trends in livability across areas,and give suggestions for the development of a Livable City such as that of determinants of livability,policy suggestions of infrastructure construction by different population groups and that of regional development in a Livable City. |
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| Keywords: | inner city livable City residential environment human settlement index system |
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