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How U.S. ocean policy and market power can reform the coral reef wildlife trade |
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| Authors: | Brian N Tissot Barbara A Best Eric H Borneman Andrew W Bruckner Cara H Cooper Heather D’Agnes Timothy P Fitzgerald Amanda Leland Susan Lieberman Amy Mathews Amos Rashid Sumaila Teresa M Telecky Frazer McGilvray Brian J Plankis Andrew L Rhyne Glynnis G Roberts Benjamin Starkhouse Todd C Stevenson |
| Institution: | 1. School of Earth and Environmental Science, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave., Vancouver, WA 98686, USA;2. Office of Natural Resources, U.S. Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Washington, DC 20523, USA;3. Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, TX 77004, USA;4. National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;5. Environmental Defense Fund, 1875 Connecticut Ave., NW Washington, DC 20009, USA;6. Public Health Institute, U.S. Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Washington, DC 20523, USA;g Pew Environment Group, The Pew Charitable Trusts, 901 E Street, NW Washington, DC 20004, USA;h Turnstone Consulting, PO Box 3283, Shepherdstown, WV 25443, USA;i Fisheries Centre, Aquatic Ecosystems Research Laboratory, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z4;j Humane Society International, 2100 L Street, NW Washington, DC 20037, USA;k Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA;l Reef Stewardship Foundation, PO Box 841588, Pearland, TX 77584, USA;m Roger Williams University and New England Aquarium, RWU Department of Biology and Marine Biology, One Old Ferry Road, Bristol, RI 02809, USA;n I.M. Systems Group, Inc. at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Coral Reef Conservation Program, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA |
| Abstract: | As the world’s largest importer of marine ornamental species for the aquaria, curio, home décor, and jewelry industries, the United States has an opportunity to leverage its considerable market power to promote more sustainable trade and reduce the effects of ornamental trade stress on coral reefs worldwide. Evidence indicates that collection of some coral reef animals for these trades has caused virtual elimination of local populations, major changes in age structure, and promotion of collection practices that destroy reef habitats. Management and enforcement of collection activities in major source countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines remain weak. Strengthening US trade laws and enforcement capabilities combined with increasing consumer and industry demand for responsible conservation can create strong incentives for improving management in source countries. This is particularly important in light of the March 2010 failure of the parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) to take action on key groups of corals. |
| Keywords: | Coral reef Marine ornamental trade CITES Lacey Act Destructive fishing Aquarium |
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