Differences in livelihoods,socioeconomic characteristics,and knowledge about the sea between fishers and non-fishers living near and far from marine parks on the Kenyan coast |
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| Authors: | JE Cinner TR McClanahan A Wamukota |
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| Institution: | 1. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia;2. Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Programs, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, USA;3. Coral Reef Conservation Project, P.O. Box 99470, Mombasa, Kenya |
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| Abstract: | The socioeconomic conditions in nine communities of the Kenyan coast were examined to test the hypotheses that socioeconomic characteristics and knowledge about the sea differ for: (1) fishers compared to non-fishers; and (2) fishers living adjacent to parks compared to fishers living away from parks. Compared to non-fishers, fishers were poorer, had higher occupational diversity, more participation in community decision-making, and higher scores on six dimensions of knowledge about marine resources. Fishers living adjacent parks had lower occupational diversity, higher fortnightly expenditures, greater knowledge of the effects of land-based pollutants and market demands than non-park fishers. These relationships may, however, be a result of urbanization near Kenya's marine parks, rather than the marine parks’ effect on fishers’ knowledge and livelihoods. Consistent with studies from other parts of the world, this study finds that there are aspects of Kenyan fishers’ socioeconomic conditions and knowledge about the sea that characterize them as distinct from non-fishers. Initiatives designed to improve the socioeconomic conditions of fishers or to manage fishery stocks need to understand and account for these differences. |
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| Keywords: | Artisanal fishery Fisheries closures Livelihood portfolio Marine protected area Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) Urban parks |
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