Application of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery to volcano mapping in the humid tropics: a case study in East Java, Indonesia |
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| Authors: | Simon A Carn |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Earth Sciences, Cambridge University, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK Fax: +44 1223 333450 e-mail: sac23@esc.cam.ac.uk, GB |
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| Abstract: | Volcanoes in humid tropical environments are frequently cloud covered, typically densely vegetated and rapidly eroded. These
factors complicate field and laboratory studies and even the basic identification of potentially active volcanoes. Numerous
previous studies have highlighted the potential value of radar remote sensing for volcanology in equatorial regions. Here,
cloud- and vegetation-penetrating LHH-band (λ≈24 cm) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from the Japanese Earth Resources Satellite (JERS-1) are used to investigate
persistently active volcanoes and prehistoric calderas in East Java, Indonesia. The LHH-band JERS-1 SAR produces high-spatial-resolution (18 m) imagery with relatively high incidence angle that highlights structures
and topographic variations at or greater than the wavelength scale while minimising geometrical distortions such as layover
and foreshortening. These images, along with Internet browse data derived from the Canadian RADARSAT mission, provide new
evidence relating regional tectonics to volcanism throughout East Java. Volcanic events, such as caldera collapse at the Tengger
caldera, appear to have been partly controlled by northwest-aligned faults related to intra-arc sedimentary basins. Similar
regional controls appear important at historically active Lamongan volcano, which is encircled by numerous flank maars and
cinder cones. A previously undocumented pyroclastic sheet and debris avalanche deposit from the Jambangan caldera complex
is also manifested in the synoptic radar images. At the currently active Semeru volcano these data permit identification of
recent pyroclastic flow and lahar deposits. Radar data therefore offer a valuable tool for mapping and hazard assessment at
late Quaternary volcanoes. The criteria developed in the analysis here could be applied to other regions in the humid tropics.
Received: 25 June 1998 / Accepted: 20 January 1999 |
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| Keywords: | Synthetic aperture radar East Java Caldera Lahar Remote sensing |
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