| 东北地区地温和冻结深度时空特征的细化分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 龚强,晁华,朱玲,蔺娜,于秀晶,刘春生,汪宏宇.东北地区地温和冻结深度时空特征的细化分析[J].冰川冻土,2021,43(6):1782-1793. |
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| 作者姓名： | 龚强 晁华 朱玲 蔺娜 于秀晶 刘春生 汪宏宇 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.沈阳区域气候中心, 辽宁 沈阳 110166;2.吉林省气候中心, 吉林 长春 130062;3.黑龙江省气候中心, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030;4.中国气象局 沈阳大气环境研究所, 辽宁 沈阳 110166 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB1501100);中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201710) |
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| 摘 要： | 根据东北地区144个国家气象站1951—2016年的地温和土壤冻结深度资料，采用实测资料统计及统计建模推算的方法，对东北地区地温和冻结深度时空特征进行了细化分析。结果表明：东北地区地温整体由南到北逐渐降低，冻结深度逐渐增大。各层年平均地温呈向北2个纬度降低1 ℃左右，年平均最大冻结深度为向北2~3个纬度加深30 cm左右，极端最大冻结深度为向北2个纬度加深30 cm左右。地温和冻结深度与纬度关系显著，与经度和海拔也有一定相关性，但在东北北部的多年冻土区基本不受后两者影响。不同深度的地温季节特征不同，地表温度季节特征与气温一致，160 cm以下深度四季温度从高到低为秋、夏、冬、春。地表夏季与冬季温差达到33.5 ℃，而320 cm深处最热季与最冷季的温差仅为7 ℃。气候变暖使得东北地区各层地温升高、冻结深度减小、冻结期缩短，尤其在多年冻土区及其临近的高纬度季节冻土区更为显著。相对于下层土壤，地表升温最大。伊春地表升温趋势达到1.16 ℃?（10a）-1，40~320 cm土层升温趋势为0.60 ℃?（10a）-1左右，冻结深度减小、冻结期缩短趋势分别达到 23 cm?（10a）-1、8 d?（10a）-1，大幅升温不利于多年冻土的存在。
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| 关 键 词： | 地温 冻结深度 时空特征 东北地区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-05-20 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-09-05 |
Detailed analysis of spatial and temporal characteristics of ground temperature and frost depth in Northeast China |
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| Qiang GONG,Hua CHAO,Ling ZHU,Na LIN,Xiujing YU,Chunsheng LIU,Hongyu WANG.Detailed analysis of spatial and temporal characteristics of ground temperature and frost depth in Northeast China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2021,43(6):1782-1793. |
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| Authors: | Qiang GONG Hua CHAO Ling ZHU Na LIN Xiujing YU Chunsheng LIU Hongyu WANG |
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| Institution: | 1.Shenyang Regional Climate Center，Shenyang 110166，China;2.Jilin Climate Center，Changchun 130062，China;3.Heilongjiang Climate Center，Harbin 150030，China;4.Shenyang Institute of Atmospheric Environment，China Meteorological Administration，Shenyang 110166，China |
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| Abstract: | Based on the ground temperature and frost depth data of 144 national meteorological stations in Northeast China from 1951 to 2016， the spatial and temporal characteristics of ground temperature and frost depth in Northeast China were analyzed by using the statistics and linear models. The results show that the ground temperature in Northeast China decreases gradually from south to north， and frost depth increases gradually. The mean annual ground temperature at each layer decreases by about 1 ℃ per 2 latitudes， the annual mean maximum frost depth increases by about 30 cm per 2~3 latitudes， and maximum frost depth increases by 30 cm per 2 latitudes. The ground temperature significantly negatively correlates with latitude， and the frost depth positively correlates with latitude. The ground temperature and frost depth are not significantly correlate with longitude and altitude in the permafrost areas in the north of Northeast China. The seasonal characteristics of ground temperature at different depths are different， and the seasonal change of surface temperature are consistent with that of air temperature. The ground temperature below 160 cm is highest in autumn， followed by summer and winter， and it is lowest in spring. The surface ground temperature difference between summer and winter was up to 33.5 ℃， while that between the warmest season and the coldest season at 320 cm is only 7 ℃. Climate warming leads to the increase of ground temperature at each layer and the decrease of frost depth. The freezing period days also decrease， especially in the permafrost areas and its adjacent high latitude seasonally frozen soil areas. Compared with other soil layers， the surface ground temperature increased the most. In Yichun， the trend of surface ground temperature rise was 1.16 ℃?（10a）-1， and that of 40~320 cm soil layer was about 0.60 ℃?（10a）-1. The decreasing of frost depth and the decreasing of freezing period days are 23 cm?（10a）-1 and 8 d?（10a）-1， respectively， which may lead to permafrost degradation. |
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| Keywords: | ground temperature frost depth spatial and temporal characteristics Northeast China |
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