| 生物安全性的不换水对虾养殖系统 |
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| 作者姓名： | GaryD.Pruder |
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| 作者单位： | 夏威夷海洋研究所,夏威夷,美国 |
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| 摘 要： | 1985年以来,在美国的一个研究所协会已经研究出一套与美国的商业机会与约束相一致的新的对虾养殖技术。在美国,土地和劳动力是很贵的,环境保护规则是很严格并且是强制执行的,因此,市场要求高质量产品的稳定供应。在美国已经建立海捕健康亲虾及遗传改良的健康亲虾培育系统。并建立起先进的对虾病害诊断技术及病害防治技术,例如新的对虾饲料及对虾养殖技术。但是近年来对虾病害在世界范围控制不住的传播,要求人们把病害排除在对虾养殖过程之外。研究结果表明常规的水交换已导致由进水而造成的污染,并使虾场暴露在进水中已存在致病的情况。使用高质量的对虾种苗及优质饲料,有证据表明在许多情况下可以减少换水量,甚至不换水。文中介绍了支持生物安全性的不换水对虾性成熟与繁殖及育苗与养殖的对虾养殖技术概念的一些研究发现。
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| 关 键 词： | 对虾 对虾养殖 育苗 对虾病害 换水 |
Biosecure Zero-Water Exchange Shrimp Production Systems |
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| GaryD.Pruder.Biosecure Zero-Water Exchange Shrimp Production Systems[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2000,30(1). |
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| Authors: | Gary D Pruder |
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| Abstract: | Since 1985, a consortium of institutions in the United States (U.S.) has been developing new shrimp farming products and technologies consistent with business opportunities and constraints in the U.S. Land and labor costs are high in the U.S., environmental protection regulations are severe and strictly enforced and the market demands reliable supplies of high quality products. Captive populations of high health and genetically improved shrimp stocks have been established. Advanced disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment methods have been developed as have new feeds and growout methods. The recent uncontrolled spread of shrimp diseases worldwide placed emphasis on disease exclusion from shrimp farming processes. Research has shown that conventional water exchange contributes to pollution of receiving waters and exposes shrimp farms to diseases preexisting in receiving waters. Provided high quality and sophisticated shrimp stocks and feeds are utilized, there is evidence that water exchange can be reduced, perhaps to zero, in many instances. This paper describes research findings supporting the concept of biosecure zero water exchange shrimp maturation/reproduction and hatchery/growout systems. |
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| Keywords: | Penaeid shrimp shrimp farming hatchery shrimp disease water exchange |
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