Biomarkers in crude oil revealed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Depositional paleoenvironment proxies |
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| Institution: | 1. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, LAGOA-LADETEC, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil;2. Petrobras-CENPES, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil;3. School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA;1. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100083, China;2. Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China;3. Institute of Earthguake Science, China Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100036, China;1. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, LAGOA-LADETEC, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil;2. Division of Geochemistry, PETROBRAS Research and Development Center (CENPES), PETROBRAS, Rua Horácio Macedo, 950, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-915, Brazil;1. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Institute of Geosciences, Av. Athos da Silveira, 274, Prédio do CCMN, Cidade Universitária, 21.949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;2. Division of Geochemistry, PETROBRAS Research and Development Center (CENPES), Av. Horácio Macedo, 950, Cidade Universitária, 21.941-915 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;3. Palynofacies and Organic Facies Laboratory (LAFO)/DEGL/IGEO/CCMN/UFRJ, Av. Athos da Silveira, 274 – Prédio do CCMN, Sala JI-020, Cidade Universitária, 21.941-916 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;1. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;2. Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;1. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, LAGOA/LADETEC, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil;2. Division of Geochemistry, Petrobras Research and Development Center (CENPES), Petrobras, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-915, Brazil;1. Key Laboratory of Exploration Technology for Oil & Gas Research (Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430100, Hubei, China;2. College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, Hubei, China |
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| Abstract: | Crude oil samples from two basins were analyzed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS) to better understand the compositional heterogeneity of branched-cyclic hydrocarbons. GC×GC–TOFMS and conventional GC–MS results were compared. GC×GC–TOFMS revealed a wide range of compounds, including tricyclic, tetracyclic and pentacyclic terpane series, rearranged hopanes, methyl hopanes, secohopanes, onoceranes and steranes. Assignment of methyl hopane and 8,14-secohopane series other than onocerane isomers was only possible due to the high peak capacity and sensitivity of GC×GC. The oils comprised a mixture of two end members: non-biodegraded oil with abundant tricyclic terpanes and hopanes, and severely biodegraded oil with abundant 8,14-secohopane and demethylated tricyclic terpanes. A predominance of two distinct series, 3β-methylhopane and onocerane, was detected only in the lacustrine samples (classification based on biomarker parameters). In contrast, the predominance of a 2α-methylhopane series and lack of onocerane were found only for the marine oil sample. The results suggest that the distribution of 3β- and 2α-methylhopane series and the presence or absence of onocerane isomers reflect genetic differences in the source organic matter and that these compounds are new classes of biomarkers that can used as depositional paleoenvironment proxies. |
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