| 明清时期安徽省蝗灾时空演化、社会影响与响应* |
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| 引用本文： | 刘倩,李钢,汪宇欣,李文龙.明清时期安徽省蝗灾时空演化、社会影响与响应*[J].古地理学报,2018,20(4):680-690. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘倩 李钢 汪宇欣 李文龙 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西西安 710127;2.陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,陕西西安 710127;3.内蒙古财经大学资源与环境经济学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010070 |
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| 基金项目： | Co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41201190),the Humanities and Social Science Research Program for Young Scholars from Ministry of Education of China(No.10YJCZH069)and the Tang Scholars Program of Northwest University |
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| 摘 要： | 自古以来,蝗灾与水灾、旱灾并称为中国农业社会的三大自然灾害。基于史料文献收集了明清时期安徽历史蝗灾记录,通过构建10 a尺度上的蝗灾频次序列和1 a尺度上的蝗灾县次序列,在县域尺度上绘制了蝗灾指数分布图,探讨了蝗灾演化时空动态过程。通过引入饥荒、米价以及疫灾序列分析了蝗灾对社会的影响以及古代社会对蝗灾的响应过程。结果表明: 明清时期安徽境内共发生181次蝗灾,每3.2次/10 a,累计653个受灾县次,平均3.6县/a;安徽地区发生了5次大蝗灾事件,这与同时期的干旱密切相关;安徽长江以北地区的蝗灾指数高于南部山区,地形、水旱灾害以及人类活动等因素是影响蝗灾指数分布差异的主要原因。蝗灾对社会产生了复杂深远的影响,是引发饥荒的重要因素,并间接导致瘟疫现象。蝗灾大范围出现后导致短期内米价暴涨,增加社会不稳定性。政府的捕蝗救灾的方式与能力直接影响群众的生存状况,是保障社会稳定的重要机制。综合看来,蝗灾会对农业子系统、经济子系统、社会子系统和技术子系统产生多重影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 蝗灾 社会响应 安徽省 明清 |
| 收稿时间： | 28 November 2017 |
Spatial-temporal evolution,social influence and response of locust plague in Anhui Province during Ming and Qing Dynasties |
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| Liu Qian,Li Gang,Wang Yu-Xin,Li Wen-Long.Spatial-temporal evolution,social influence and response of locust plague in Anhui Province during Ming and Qing Dynasties[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2018,20(4):680-690. |
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| Authors: | Liu Qian Li Gang Wang Yu-Xin Li Wen-Long |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,Shaanxi;2.Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,Shaanxi;3.College of Resources and Environment Economy,Inner Mongolia Finance and Economics College,Hohhot 010070,Inner Mongolia |
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| Abstract: | Locust plague,flood and drought were the three biggest natural disasters in Chinese history and they had a profound impact on agriculture and social development. Based on the historical records of Locust plague in Anhui Province,this study reconstructed the Locust plague frequency sequence on 10a scale and counties sequence on 1a scale. Locust index spatial distribution of locust outbreak was drawn in Anhui to explore the dynamic changes in temporal and spatial scales. Human social influences and responses affected by the locust plague were explored,involving famine,epidemic disaster and rice price data in Anhui. The results illustrated that 181 locust years occurred in Anhui during this period with an average of 3.2 locust years every 10a,and 653 counties suffered locust plagues during the period with an average of 3.6 counties every 1a. Counties sequence revealed five profound locust outbreak periods related to serious drought events. The locust index north of the Yangtze River was higher than the one in the southern mountainous area,which had spatial differences resulting from terrain,flood/drought and human activities. Locusts would have complicated effects on society. For example,as the primary reason causing famine,the locust plague led to epidemic disaster indirectly,and large-scale locust plague resulted in rice price rising within a short period of time,even social instability. The way and ability that governments handled with the locust plague would affect the survival of people directly,and maintain social stability. Based on comprehensive views,the locust plague had multiple impacts on ancient societies involving agricultural,economic,human and technological subsystems. |
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| Keywords: | locust plague social influence Anhui Province Ming and Qing Dynasties |
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