A Review on the Taxonomic, Evolutionary and Phytogeographic Studies of the Lotus Plant (Nelumbonaceae: Nelumbo) |
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作者姓名: | LI Y Popova SVETLANA YAO Jianxin and LI Chengsen |
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作者单位: | 1 Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100037, China; 3 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; 4 Laboratory of Palaeobotany, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia |
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基金项目: | This work was supported by the International S & T Cooperation Project of China No. 2009DFA32210, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41210001). Special thanks are due to Mr. Ziguo Hao, the executive editor of Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), and anonymous reviewers for their good opinions of revision. |
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摘 要: | Nelumbo Adans. (Nelumbonaceae) is an important member of the early-diverging eudicots. It contains two extant species: N. nucifera Gaertn. (the Sacred lotus), distributed in Asia and Australia and N. lutea Willd. (the American lotus), occurring in North America. This paper reviews the taxonomic, evolutionary and phytogeographic studies of the genus Nelumbo, and also raises scientific questions about it in further paleobotanic research. There are about 30 fossil species of Nelumbo established since the Early Cretaceous. Based on fossil studies, the ancestors of the extant N. nucifera and N. lutea are respectively considered to be N. protospeciosa from the Eocene to Miocene of Eurasia, and N. protolutea from the Eocene of North American. However, molecular systematic studies indicate that N. nucifera and N. lutea are probably split from a common ancestor during the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene, or even the Pleistocene, rather than separate relicts from extinct species on different continents. The characters of lotus stomatal development, seedling morphology as well as its flowering, pollination and fertilization in air reveal that it evolves from the land plants. Fossil data of Nelumbo indicates that the genus first occurs in mid-latitude area of Laurasia in the Early Cretaceous, then becomes widespread in North America and Eurasia and expands into Africa and South America during the Late Cretaceous; the genus probably colonizes the Indian Subcontinent from Asia during the Early Eocene after the collision of India and the Asian plates; the genus becomes extinct in Europe, but survives in Asia and North America during the Quaternary Ice Age, and later forms the present East Asia and North Australia-North America disjunctive distribution.
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关 键 词: | 植物地理 植物进化 Lotus 莲花 分类 印度次大陆 亚洲板块 北美地区 |
收稿时间: | 2014/7/29 0:00:00 |
修稿时间: | 2014/8/10 0:00:00 |
A Review on the Taxonomic,Evolutionary and Phytogeographic Studies of the Lotus Plant (Nelumbonaceae: Nelumbo) |
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Authors: | LI Ya Popova SVETLANA YAO Jianxin LI Chengsen |
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Institution: | Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100037, China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Systematic andEvolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; 4. Laboratory ofPalaeobotany, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia) |
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Abstract: | Nelumbo Adans.(Nelumbonaceae) is an important member of the early-diverging eudicots.It contains two extant species:N.nucifera Gaertn.(the Sacred lotus),distributed in Asia and Australia and N.lutea Willd.(the American lotus),occurring in North America.This paper reviews the taxonomic,evolutionary and phytogeographic studies of the genus Nelumbo,and also raises scientific questions about it in further paleobotanic research.There are about 30 fossil species of Nelumbo established since the Early Cretaceous.Based on fossil studies,the ancestors of the extant N.nucifera and N.lutea are respectively considered to be N.protospeciosa from the Eocene to Miocene of Eurasia,and N.protolutea from the Eocene of North American.However,molecular systematic studies indicate that N.nucifera and N.lutea are probably split from a common ancestor during the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene,or even the Pleistocene,rather than separate relicts from extinct species on different continents.The characters of lotus stomatal development,seedling morphology as well as its flowering,pollination and fertilization in air reveal that it evolves from the land plants.Fossil data of Nelumbo indicates that the genus first occurs in mid-latitude area of Laurasia in the Early Cretaceous,then becomes widespread in North America and Eurasia and expands into Africa and South America during the Late Cretaceous; the genus probably colonizes the Indian Subcontinent from Asia during the Early Eocene after the collision of India and the Asian plates; the genus becomes extinct in Europe,but survives in Asia and North America during the Quaternary Ice Age,and later forms the present East Asia and North Australia-North America disjunctive distribution. |
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Keywords: | taxonomy evolution phytogeography Nelumbo Nelumbonaceae |
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