| 金雕巢期行为谱及时间分配 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵序茅,马鸣,丁鹏,张同,克德尔汗·巴亚恒,邢睿,黄亚慧.金雕巢期行为谱及时间分配[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(6):1084-1089. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵序茅 马鸣 丁鹏 张同 克德尔汗·巴亚恒 邢睿 黄亚慧 |
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| 作者单位： | （1 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011； 2 中国科学院研究生院， 北京 100049；3 新疆环境保护科学研究院， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011； 4 新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州林业局， 新疆 博乐 833400） |
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| 基金项目： | 香港观鸟会中国自然保育基金；国家自然科学基金项目（30970340，31272291） |
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| 摘 要： | 2010年7～9月、2011年4～9月、2012年7月，采用焦点动物取样法，累计对新疆西北部别珍套山和阿拉套山巢期的5对金雕（Aquila chrysaetos）及其雏鸟观测89 d，行为记录911 h。制成金雕的行为谱，将各行为分为12类46种，并进行了相关描述。依据巢期的不同阶段（孵化期和育雏期）统计出各行为的时间分配：孵化期，亲鸟行为以孵卵为主（95.28%）；育雏期，亲鸟的各行为时间分配依次为，离巢（77.81%）、护幼（18.5%）、喂食（2.64%）、警戒（1.05%），在育雏期的前（0～3周）、中（3～6周）、后（6-雏鸟离巢）阶段，护幼、喂食、离巢的时间分配差异极其显著（p<0.01）。雏鸟各行为时间分配依次为，休息（68.73%）、警戒（21.41%）、取食（5.56%）、运动（4.28%）、保养（1.02%）。育雏期的前、中、后阶段，雏鸟的休息、警戒和运动行为的时间分配差异极其显著（p<0.01）。行为时间分配的差异，主要受不同阶段金雕能量需求、身体发育状况的影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 金雕 行为谱 时间分配 猛禽 别珍套山、阿拉套山（天山） |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-12-24 |
Ethogram and time budget of golden eagle during breeding season in Tianshan Mts. |
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| ZHAO Xu-mao,MA Ming,DING Peng,ZHANG Tong,BAYAHENG Kedeerhan,XING Rui,HUANG Ya-hui.Ethogram and time budget of golden eagle during breeding season in Tianshan Mts.[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(6):1084-1089. |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Xu-mao MA Ming DING Peng ZHANG Tong BAYAHENG Kedeerhan XING Rui HUANG Ya-hui |
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| Institution: | （1 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of science, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China; 2 Graduate of Chinese Academy of science, Beijing 100049, China; 3 Xinjiang Academy of Environmental Protection science, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China;4 Xinjiang Bortala Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture Bureau, Bortala 833400, Xinjiang, China） |
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| Abstract: | From July to September of 2010，April to August of 2011 and July of 2012，the behaviors of 5 pairs of golden eagle （Aquila chrysaetos）] in breeding season were investigated by focal sampling method in Mt. Biezhentaw and Mt. Alataw （the Tianshan Mts.） of Xinjiang. An ethogram of the golden eagle was presented and as many as 46 behaviors grouped under 12 categories were described and defined，including hatching，maintenance，locomotion，vigilance，caring，feeding，eating，off-nest and resting. In order to describe time budget of golden eagle the breeding season was divided into incubation（41-44 days） and parent care period（67-84 days）. During the incubation period，hatching behavior was the most prevalent，accounting for 95.28% of the parents’ time followed by maintenance （1.03%），locomotion （1.29%），off-nest （0.40%） and vigilance （2.1%）. While during parent care period，the off-nest that occurred mostly time of the parents was 77.81%，followed by caring （18.5%），feeding （2.64%），vigilance （1.05%）. During the first stage （0-3 weeks），second stage （3-6 weeks） and last stage （6 weeks-end） of this period there were significant difference （p<0.01）] in time budget of off-nest，caring，and feeding. At the 5 sites that hatched young，female eagles spent a significantly greater portion of the day incubation （77.4%） than males did （22.6%） （p<0.01）.] The time budget of nesting behaviors was in turn: resting （68.73%），vigilance （21.41%），locomotion （4.28%），and maintenance （1.02%）. During the three phases of the period，there were significant differences （p<0.01）] in time budget of all behaviors except for maintenance. The time budget was related to the birds’ state，energy needs and physical condition during different breeding phases and affected by the weather condition. The nesting growth was the main reason causing caring and feeding behavior of the parents and the nestling physical condition in different stages decided their behaviors. In end，the ethogram of the golden eagle is the first research in China and conducive to the further studies of the behavior of golden eagle. Based on the ethogram of the golden eagle and the time budget during breeding，the paper give some advices for protect them as follows：Firstly during the incubation period the parents spent most of their time on hatching and was sensitive to the circumstance around the nest，particularly human activity. So this time we should avoid any activity around the nest. Secondly in the last phase of parent care period，the chicks’ food demand increased quickly. But based on our observation，when the parents find human activity around the nest，would rarely or never come to feed. So this time we should also avoid human activity around the nest for taking photographs. Finally during the last phase of parent care period or the chicks just leaved the nest period，the chicks’ self-protection capability was weak and this time was also the best opportunity for somebody who wants to grasp the chicks. We should strengthen the protection during this period. |
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| Keywords: | Golden Eagle ethogram time budget behavior raptors Mt Biezhentaw Mt Alataw （Tianshan Mts ） |
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