| 策勒河流域荒漠类型特征研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴吉龙,杨发相,周杰,张志伟.策勒河流域荒漠类型特征研究[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(5):803-811. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴吉龙 杨发相 周杰 张志伟 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011； 2 中国科学院大学， 北京 100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑项目（2009BAC54B05）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 策勒河流域荒漠类型多样，在干旱区具有典型代表性。基于Landsat5的TM遥感影像数据、数字高程模型（DEM）数据，利用GIS技术，结合野外调查、样品采集及实验室粒度、有机质、盐分分析，对策勒河流域荒漠类型分类，并编制荒漠类型分布图。据地貌类型、物质组成、植被盖度等指标将流域内荒漠分为2个一级类，7个二级类，14个三级类，建立策勒河流域荒漠类型分类系统。流域荒漠自下游向上游具有依次是沙漠、砾漠、岩漠、土漠和寒漠空间分布的规律；荒漠总面积2 416.76 km2，占流域总面积的70.45%，砾漠占荒漠总面积的45.52%，为最大一类，泥漠所占比重最小。可为流域环境保护、荒漠化防治提供依据，为其他干旱区荒漠类型研究提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 荒漠类型 分类系统 特征 遥感数据 策勒河流域 |
| 收稿时间： | 2013-01-11 |
Desert types and characteristics in the Qira River Basin |
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| WU Ji-long,YANG Fa-xiang,ZHOU Jie,ZHANG Zhi-wei.Desert types and characteristics in the Qira River Basin[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(5):803-811. |
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| Authors: | WU Ji-long YANG Fa-xiang ZHOU Jie ZHANG Zhi-wei |
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| Institution: | 1 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China;2 University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Desert is a geographical landscape with sparse vegetation that formed in arid climate. The Qira River Basin is characterized by less precipitation，high evaporation，sparse vegetation and various desert types and it is a typical representative of arid regions in China and even all over the world. Therefore，the classification of desert types in the Qira River Basin is important for its desertification prevention and control. Based on the TM remote sensing data of Landsat5 and the dada of digital elevation model（DEM），this study used GIS technology，field investigation and lab analysis including the analysis of soil organic matter，soil particle size and soil salt to classify desert types of the Qira River Basin and draw the desert classification map. Based on landform types，vegetation coverage，material composition and altitude，the desert in the river basin was divided into 2 categories，7 subcategories and 14 three-stage categories and the desert types system of the Qira River Basin was established.In the river basin，loess is formed in arid climate condition and have low vegetation coverage so it can be classified as a desert type. From the downstream to upstream in the Qira River Basin，the spatial distribution of the desert is sand desert followed by gravel desert，rocky desert，loess and cold desert. The desert types distribution map shows that the total area of desert is 2 416.77 km2 accounting for 70.45% of the total basin area. Gravel desert is the desert type with the largest area of 1 100.11 km2 and accounts for 45.52% of the total desert area. Sand desert has the second largest area of 628.50 km2 and accounts for 26.00% of the total desert area. The areas of rocky desert，loess and cold desert are 295.72 km2，221.20 km2 and 163.38 km2 respectively. They occupy 12.24%，9.15% and 6.76% of the total desert area respectively. Salt desert and argillaceous desert have the minimum proportions in all desert types. In the background of zonal distribution，different desert types are formed because of the differentiation of geology，landform， hydrology，vegetation and surface material. The desert distribution in the Qira River Basin is determined by the landform units from the upstreams to the downstreams. The differences of material composition and vegetation coverage result in the differentiations of desert types. Accordingly，the above elements decide the distribution and characteristics of desert types in the Qira River Basin. This study provides the application guidances for the desert researches in the southern Tarim Basin and similar arid regions. Additionally，it also has references values for the expansions of geomorphology researches. |
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| Keywords: | desert type classification system characteristic remote sensing data the Qira River Basin |
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