| 中国博物馆时空演变特征及成因分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘海龙,刘美彤,呼旭红,郭晓佳.中国博物馆时空演变特征及成因分析[J].热带地理,2022,42(3):469-480. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘海龙 刘美彤 呼旭红 郭晓佳 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.山西师范大学，地理科学学院，山西 临汾 041000;2.山西师范大学，人文地理研究所，山西 临汾 041000 |
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| 基金项目： | 山西省哲学社会科学规划项目（晋规办字[2017] 2号）；;教育部人文社会科学研究项目（20YJC630032）； |
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| 摘 要： | 选取1990—2018年博物馆名录，运用核密度分析、标准差椭圆、空间自相关和地理探测器模型，对1990—2018年中国博物馆时空分异特征及影响因素进行分析。结果表明：1）1990—2018年博物馆数量呈整体加速发展态势，东西差异明显，东部地区博物馆数量密集，且发展速度较快，中西部地区数量稀疏，且发展较为缓慢。2）中国博物馆空间上不断集聚，并呈现出“单核”向“多核”模式演化的分布格局。3）中国博物馆重心居于东部，重心移动轨迹呈“Z”形移动。4）中国博物馆存在显著的空间集聚过程，形成“东热西冷”格局，长江中下游地区是中国博物馆的热点地区，新疆和西藏始终处于冷点区域。5）博物馆的空间分异是多因素综合作用的结果，主要受经济、社会、政策和文化教育的影响。其中，政策和文化教育因素是博物馆空间分异的主要影响因素，社会因素次之，经济因素是一般因素。
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| 关 键 词： | 博物馆 时空演变特征 政策因素 文化教育因素 中国 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-12-28 |
Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Chinese Museums and Their Causes Analysis |
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| Hailong Liu,Meitong Liu,Xuhong Hu,Xiaojia Guo.Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Chinese Museums and Their Causes Analysis[J].Tropical Geography,2022,42(3):469-480. |
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| Authors: | Hailong Liu Meitong Liu Xuhong Hu Xiaojia Guo |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, China;2.Institute of Human geography, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, China |
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| Abstract: | With the transformation and development of China's economy and society, the state attaches great importance to the equalization of public services to meet the growing demand for a better life. Museums are not only one of the most important needs of people's spiritual culture but are also an important part of the public cultural service system. Their reasonable layout has an important impact on the equalization of basic public services. Therefore, research on the temporal and spatial evolution of museums has become one of the hotspots of related disciplines, and is of great significance to deepen the basic public service theory. This study selects a list of museums from 1990 to 2018 and uses a nuclear density analysis, standard deviation ellipse, spatial autocorrelation, and geographic detector model, to analyze the evolution trend of museum quantity, evolution characteristics of spatial distribution mode, law of spatial differentiation, and influencing factors of the temporal and spatial distribution of the museums. The results show that: 1) in terms of quantity evolution trend, there are significant differences in the number of museums from 1990-2000, 2000-2010, and 2010-2018, with a gradual increase in the number. Overall, the number of museums showed an accelerated growth trend from 1990-2018. The differences between the East and West are obvious. The number of museums in the eastern region is dense and the development is rapid; contrastingly, the number of museums in the central and western regions is sparse and development is relatively slow. 2) In terms of the evolution of spatial distribution mode, over time, Chinese museums continue to gather spatially and gradually evolve from "single center" distribution mode to "multi center" distribution mode, and the degree of agglomeration continues to improve. 3) The standard deviation ellipse analysis shows that from 1990-2018, the center of gravity of the Chinese museums was always located in the East; the center of gravity shifted slightly over time, and the moving track was about "Z." 4) In terms of the spatial differentiation law, there has been a significant spatial agglomeration process of Chinese museums since 1990, forming a pattern of "hot in the East and cold in the west". The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the hotspots of Chinese museums, and Xinjiang and Tibet are always in the cold spots. Additionally, the scope of hotspots continues to expand annually, extending to the northwest inland, which is consistent with China's strategy of "equalization of public cultural services" in recent years; it is also conducive to breaking the layout of public cultural facilities that are "strong in the East and weak in the West." 5) In terms of influencing factors, museum spatial differentiation is the result of the comprehensive action of multiple factors, which is mainly affected by the economy, society, policy, culture, and education. Among them, policy, cultural, and educational factors are the main influencing factors of museum spatial differentiation, followed by social factors, and economic factors are the general factors affecting its distribution. |
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| Keywords: | museum temporal and spatial evolution characteristics policy factors cultural and educational factors China |
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