| 南海制图的中美对比分析——基于批判制图学视角 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈雨诗,刘云刚.南海制图的中美对比分析——基于批判制图学视角[J].热带地理,2022,42(7):1085-1095. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈雨诗 刘云刚 |
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| 作者单位： | 华南师范大学 地理科学学院/亚洲地理研究中心，广州 510631 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金：中国政治地理学学科发展战略研究（42142028）；;国家社会科学基金重大研究专项：新政治地理学视角下中国特色南海治理理论与政策研究（20VHQ002）； |
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| 摘 要： | 运用文本分析，从中美关于南海制图的特点及差异着手，探讨了中美制图所表达的南海领域化过程以及地图对于领域化实践的作用。研究发现：1）中美制图中南海海域范围、岛礁地名及海疆边界表达的演变，是国家权力影响制图的表现。2）中美南海制图差异源于维护国家核心利益的需求：中国通过制图（再）领域化，对内加强南海海域管控，强化国民海权意识，对外宣示南海主权；美国通过制图（去）再领域化，强调南海的公海和多国属性。3）地图作为领域化工具，能够在国际舞台上讲述中国人的南海故事，也能清晰表达中国对南海诸岛和附近水域拥有主权的一贯和明确立场。应从地图维权、地图创新、地图宣传等方面加强对南海的领域化表达，使地图在南海海洋国土治理中发挥更重要的作用。
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| 关 键 词： | 批判制图学 地图 领域化 南海 中国 美国 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-01-06 |
A Comparative Analysis of Chinese and American Cartography in the South Sea of China: Based on a Critical Cartographic Perspective |
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| Yushi Chen,Yungang Liu.A Comparative Analysis of Chinese and American Cartography in the South Sea of China: Based on a Critical Cartographic Perspective[J].Tropical Geography,2022,42(7):1085-1095. |
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| Authors: | Yushi Chen Yungang Liu |
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| Institution: | School of Geography /Center for Asian Geography Studies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China |
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| Abstract: | In recent years, frequent conflicts in the South Sea of China have hindered peaceful Chinese development processes. For the first time, this study used political geography and territory to examine the process of interplaying national cartographic practices and power relations in this space. Combined with a previous discussion on territory and cartography, this study proposed a national cartographic analysis framework from the territory and applied it to the cartography of the South Sea of China. First, we performed a longitudinal comparison of cartographic evolution in the South Sea of China between China and the United States. Then, a longitudinal comparison of expressions between China and the United States was performed for three aspects of cartographic practice. The longitudinal comparison showed that the evolution of South Sea of China cartography resulted in a more complete sea area, standardized island names, and a sea boundary line that appears in China. In the United States, the South Sea of China showed enlarged sea areas, but the overall picture was incomplete. According to the longitudinal comparison, the United States differs from China in the following three aspects of the cartography of the South Sea of China: sea area, status of islands and reefs, and sea boundaries. In summary, we can draw three conclusions. 1) In China and the United States, the cartographic evolution of the sea areas of the South Sea of China, the names of islands and reefs, and the expression of sea boundaries reflect the influence of the country's power. 2) The difference in the cartography of the South Sea of China between China and the United States stems from the need to safeguard the core interests of the country. China, through the territorialization of cartography, has strengthened the maritime jurisdiction of the South Sea of China, increased awareness of national sea rights internally, and declared the sovereignty of the South Sea of China externally. However, the United States has emphasized the public seas and multinational attributes of the South Sea of China through cartographic territorialization. 3) As a territorial tool, a map presents the Chinese story of the South Sea of China on the international stage and may also clearly express China's consistent and clear position on the sovereignty of the islands and surrounding waters of the South Sea of China. The territorial expression of the South Sea of China should be strengthened from the following three aspects: map rights protection, map innovation, and map publicity. Thus, cartography may play a more important role in the governance of China's maritime territory in the South Sea of China. |
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| Keywords: | critical cartography maps territorialization South Sea of China China United States |
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