Calderas,landslides and paleo-canyons on Piton de la Fournaise volcano (La Réunion Island,Indian Ocean) |
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| Authors: | Olivier Merle Philippe Mairine Laurent Michon Patrick Bachèlery Magali Smietana |
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| Institution: | 1. Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, BP 10448, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, France;2. CNRS, UMR 6524, LMV, F-63038 CLERMONT-FERRAND, France;3. IRD, R163, LMV, F-63038 CLERMONT-FERRAND, France;4. GéoSciences Réunion, Université de La Réunion, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS-UMR 7154, 15 rue René Cassin 97715 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France;1. Institut GEOMODELS – Group of Geodynamics and Basin Analysis, Departament de Geodinàmica i Geofísica, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;2. Laboratori de Paleomagnetisme (CCiTUB-CSIC), Institut de Ciències de la Terra “Jaume Almera”, Solé i Sabarís, s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;3. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Unidad de Zaragoza, C/Manuel Lasala 44, 9B, 50006 Zaragoza, Spain;1. Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;1. Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, University Station, Box X, Austin, TX, 78713-8924, USA;2. Basins Research Group (BRG), Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BP, United Kingdom;3. Departamento de Geodinamica and Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva, 18071, Granada, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Based upon a re-interpretation of previous data and a new field campaign, a structural evolution is proposed for the early history of Piton de la Fournaise volcano from 500,000 to 50,000 years. Conceptually, it is shown that the formation of a caldera in which lava flows are contained inside the caldera depression, gives time for erosion to excavate deep canyons on the external slopes of the volcano, for example, the Rivière des Remparts, the Rivière Langevin and the Rivière de l'Est canyons on Piton de la Fournaise volcano. These canyons are infilled when lavas, filling the caldera and overflowing its rim, are able again to flow on the external slopes of the volcano. In the past, this excavating/infilling process has occurred twice following the formation of the Rivière des Remparts and Morne Langevin calderas. The formation of the third caldera, the Plaine des Sables caldera, was followed by the excavation of the current canyons. In addition to this process, two large landslides have been documented in the field. The first, which happened about 300,000 years ago, is apparently the first episode of the break up of Piton de la Fournaise volcano, predating the formation of the four large calderas. The second landslide, which occurred 150,000 years ago and is considered to be less extensive, has carried away the entire southern flank of the Rivière des Remparts caldera. |
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