| 生态水文学:生态需水及其与流速因素的相互作用 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘昌明,门宝辉,赵长森.生态水文学:生态需水及其与流速因素的相互作用[J].水科学进展,1990,31(5):765-774. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘昌明 门宝辉 赵长森 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 北京师范大学水科学研究院, 北京 100875;2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101;3. 华北电力大学水利与水电工程学院, 北京 102206 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目（41330529） |
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| 摘 要： | 本文研究涉及生态水文学中生态需水问题的一般认知。探讨了生态系统动态变化与水流驱动力因素之间的关系，重点探讨水流驱动因素中的关键指标——流速，通过分析流速与生态系统相互作用，从生态水文学动力因素出发估算生态需水；基于生态流速和水力半径，提出考虑河道内生态需水与水力因素关系的生态水力半径法，充分利用水生生物信息（鱼类产卵洄游流速）与河道信息（水位、流速、糙率等）估算河道内生态需水；归纳生态水力半径法在生态需水计算中的初步应用：考虑污染物降解耦合水量水质的生态需水计算、考虑鱼类等生物对流速要求的生态需水计算、考虑河道冲淤平衡的输沙需水量计算等方面。本文提出的生态流速研究既包括生物生长发育适宜的流速，又包括流速大小变化所涉及的许多动力因素，旨在延伸与扩展生态水文学的内涵与应用。
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| 关 键 词： | 生态水文学 生态需水 生态水力半径法 生态流速 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-05-01 |
Ecohydrology: environmental flow and its driving factors |
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| LIU Changming,MEN Baohui,ZHAO Changsen.Ecohydrology: environmental flow and its driving factors[J].Advances in Water Science,1990,31(5):765-774. |
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| Authors: | LIU Changming MEN Baohui ZHAO Changsen |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;3. School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China |
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| Abstract: | This paper discussed the general conceptions on environmental flow (e-flow). Emphasis was laid on relationship between the dynamic change of ecosystem and factors resulted by hydrological change especially by the change of flow velocity whereby to estimate e-flows. Moreover,this paper introduced a Chinese e-flow method—ecological hydraulic radius approach (EHRA)—which basis is ecological velocity and ecological hydraulic radius. EHRA estimates e-flow fully accounting for information of biota,e.g.,flow velocity requirement of fish during spawning seasons,and information of rivers,such as water level,flow velocity,roughness. In addition,this paper generally described the application of EHRA in estimation of e-flow by considering pollutants degradation,requirement of fish on flow velocity,balance of river-course with erosion and sedimentation processes. What is worth noticing is that the ecological flow velocity for e-flow estimation in this paper refers to both the flow velocity suitable for biota and the flow velocity variation induced dynamic factors (e.g.,ecological geomorphology,fluvial factors),which can enlarge the conception of ecohydrology and broaden its application. |
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| Keywords: | eco-hydrology environmental flow (e-flow) ecological hydraulic radius approach (EHRA) ecological flow velocity |
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