| 砂岩型铀矿的微生物成矿作用研究述评 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵龙,董廷旭,蔡春芳,金若时,蒋婷婷,魏佳林,杜华明,李建国.砂岩型铀矿的微生物成矿作用研究述评[J].地质学报,2020,94(12):3523-3543. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵龙 董廷旭 蔡春芳 金若时 蒋婷婷 魏佳林 杜华明 李建国 |
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| 作者单位： | 1) 绵阳师范学院资源环境工程学院，四川绵阳，621000;2) 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所，北京，100029;3) 中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心，天津，300170;4) 中国地质科学院勘探技术研究所，河北廊坊，065000 |
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| 基金项目： | 本文为绵阳师范学院科研启动项目“松辽盆地西南部砂岩型铀矿床中微生物和油气参与铀成矿作用研究”(编号QD2019A06)、科技部重点研发项目深地资源勘查专项“北方砂岩型铀能源矿产基地深部探测技术示范”(编号2018YFC0604200)和国际地球科学计划项目“砂岩型铀矿表生流体成矿作用”(编号IGCP657)联合资助成果。 |
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| 摘 要： | 目前，砂岩型铀矿是全球应用最为广泛和最有前景的铀矿类型，也是我国最主要的工业铀矿类型。本文展示了当今世界最新的铀资源分布和组成，强调了砂岩型铀矿在世界和中国铀矿资源中的重要性，梳理了实验室条件下微生物对U(VI)的还原性富集和非还原性富集机理，归纳了地质条件下微生物参与砂岩型铀矿的成矿证据。微生物对铀富集作用的实验研究，主要体现在还原性和非还原性富集两个方面。微生物对U(VI)的还原性富集研究最为深入，包括微生物的细胞色素、菌毛和电子穿梭体在U(VI)的还原过程中的作用。微生物对U(VI)的非还原性富集表现在微生物表面吸附、表面络合沉淀和细胞内积聚作用。微生物参与砂岩型铀矿成矿作用的证据，可分为直接证据和间接证据。直接证据主要有铀矿物形态学特征、P元素含量和矿物纳米晶体尺寸；间接证据主要有黄铁矿硫同位素和方解石碳同位素组成以及相应烃类包裹体特征。在未来的研究工作中，应重视微区实验方法在砂岩型铀矿中的应用，以及含油气/煤盆地上覆地层的砂岩型铀矿找矿工作，应探索更加适当的指标和评价体系以量化微生物对砂岩型铀矿的成矿作用。
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| 关 键 词： | 砂岩型铀矿 微生物成矿 还原性 非还原性 富集机理 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/2/9 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/9/24 0:00:00 |
A review of microbial mineralization in sandstone- hosted uranium deposits |
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| ZHAO Long,DONG Tingxu,CAI Chunfang,JIN Ruoshi,JIANG Tingting,WEI Jialin,DU Huaming,LI Jianguo.A review of microbial mineralization in sandstone- hosted uranium deposits[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2020,94(12):3523-3543. |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Long DONG Tingxu CAI Chunfang JIN Ruoshi JIANG Tingting WEI Jialin DU Huaming LI Jianguo |
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| Abstract: | Currently, sandstone- hosted uranium deposits are globally the most widely used and promising uranium resource and also the most important industrial uranium resource in China. This review shows the latest data on the distribution and composition of the global uranium resources and emphasizes the significance of the sandstone- hosted uranium resource within whole uranium resources both globally and in China. The enrichment mechanisms of U(VI) by microorganisms reductively and non- reductively revealed in the laboratory and the evidence for microbial mineralization in actual sandstone- hosted uranium deposits are also summarized. Experimental studies have revealed both reductive and non- reductive enrichment mechanisms of U(VI) by microorganisms. U(VI) bioreductive enrichment has been intensively studied, in which cytochromes, pili and electron shuttle are significant. U(VI) non- bioreductive enrichment includes extracellular biosorption, complex- precipitation and intracellular bioaccumulation. The evidences for microbial mineralization in actual sandstone- hosted uranium deposits are classified as direct and indirect. Direct evidence includes morphology, phosphorous content and nano- crystals of the uranium minerals, and indirect evidence includes sulfur isotope composition of the ore- stage pyrite, carbon isotope composition of the ore- stage calcite and corresponding biomarkers in the hydrocarbon inclusions. The emphasis in future studies should be on the application of microzone experimental methods to this field, to prospect in overlying strata in the petroleum- /coal- bearing basins, and to explore more proper indexes and systems to quantitatively assess the microbial mineralization in sandstone- hosted uranium deposits. |
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| Keywords: | sandstone- hosted uranium deposit microbial mineralization reductive non- reductive enrichment mechanism |
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