| 南极长城站地区环境影响评估理论与方法初探 |
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| 引用本文： | 李金香,李天杰.南极长城站地区环境影响评估理论与方法初探[J].极地研究,1997,9(4):70-80. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李金香 李天杰 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京市环境保护监测中心(李金香)，北京师范大学环境科学研究所环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室(李天杰) |
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| 摘 要： | 在研究南极长城站地区人类活动规模、环境影响及环境质量现状的基础上，探讨了南极环境研究中几个重要概念的内涵及南极环境影响评估的有关理论和方法。提出可将环境影响评估工作分为计算“影响度”和“环境承载力”两个层次；在目前南极环境缺乏环境基准值、环境标准值的情况下，可据环境背景值进行第一层次的评估工作。以长城站地区发电站废气的直接排放为例，运用高斯模式预测了发电站下风向大气环境质量，并计算了影响度，划分出影响区间，提出科学研究和科考管理的相应建议。
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| 关 键 词： | 南极，长城站，环境影响，评估，影响度，环境承载力，高斯模式 |
PRIMARY THEORY AND METHOD ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN GREAT WALL STATION AREA,ANTARCTICA |
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| Abstract: | Assessing the influence of human activities on the original environment of Antarctica is very important for both scientific research and research administration there. In this paper, the present environmental quality in Fildes Peninsula is evaluated primarily. Four key conceptions for Antarctic environmental impact assessment (EIA) are put forward for their new contents: the first one is environment, which centers organisms and biosystem, the second one is environmental background value, criterion and standard, concerning their availability at present, thirdly, Impact Degree (ID) of human activities simply indicates environmental changes compared with its original status, and the fourth one is Carrying Capacity of Environment (CCE), indicating the maximum bearable level of local anthropologic impact on environment.Two steps of Antarctic EIA are brought up, and the basic one is calculating ID while the advanced one calculating CCE. Taking Great Wall Station and Marsh Station in the south of Fildes Peninsula as a case study, the Impact Degree of the direct emission of power stations has been worked out, and some proposals on further research work and research administration also given. |
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| Keywords: | Antarctica Fildes Peninsula EIA impact degree carrying capacity of environment Guass model |
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