Phytoplankton community reorganization driven by eutrophication and warming in Lake Biwa |
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| Authors: | Chih Hao Hsieh Kanako Ishikawa Yoichiro Sakai Toshiyuki Ishikawa Satoshi Ichise Yoshimasa Yamamoto Ting Chun Kuo Ho Dong Park Norio Yamamura Michio Kumagai |
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| Institution: | (1) Institute of Oceanography and Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan;(2) Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute, 5-34 Yanagasaki, Otsu Shiga, 520-0022, Japan;(3) Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu Shiga, 520-2113, Japan;(4) Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan;(5) Department of Environmental Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto Nagano, 390-8621, Japan;(6) Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan |
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| Abstract: | We compiled and analyzed long-term data, including chemical, physical and phytoplankton community data, for the Lake Biwa
ecosystem from 1962 to 2003. Analyses on environmental data indicate that Lake Biwa had experienced intensified eutrophication
(according to total phosphorus concentration) in the late 1960s and returned to a less eutrophic status around 1985, and then
exhibited rapid warming and thus increased water column stability since 1990. Total phytoplankton cell volume largely followed
the trend of total phosphorus concentration, albeit short-term fluctuations existed. However, phytoplankton community shifted
dramatically in response to those changes of environmental states. These shifts were cause by changes in trophic status driven
by phosphorus loadings and physical properties in the water column driven by warming. Moreover, most phytoplankton species
did not show a strong linear correlation with environmental variables, suggesting nonlinear transitions among different states. |
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