| 滇池流域集约化农田区氮素损失研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 李广贺,张大奕,张旭,郭华明.滇池流域集约化农田区氮素损失研究[J].地学前缘,2005,12(Z1):83-87. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李广贺 张大奕 张旭 郭华明 |
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| 作者单位： | 清华大学,环境科学与工程系,北京,100084 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院资助项目;高等学校博士学科点专项科研项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 集约化农田区氮素流失是构成滇池流域面源污染、水体富营养化的重要因素。基于滇池流域集约化农田区产业结构特征、施肥方式、土壤物化性质分析,利用现场模拟试验,探讨水土生复合系统中氮素输移、分布和损失机制,量化不同情景下氮素损失量。研究表明,集约化农田土壤氮素损失主要途径是通过气态(NH3、N2O、NO/NO2、N2等)、作物吸收、生物作用和淋失。气态氮损失受温度、土壤特性、施肥类型、方式与施肥量、地下水埋藏条件等因素综合制约,NO-3 N是氮淋失的主要形式。根据试验与计算结果,Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区的合理施肥的氮利用率分别为30 8%和20 8%,高于习惯施肥的11 5%和8 5%,气态损失和淋失率均低于习惯施肥。显然,施肥的合理性是控制集约化农业区氮素损失的重要措施。
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| 关 键 词： | 集约化农田区 氮素损失 氮素输移 滇池流域 |
| 文章编号： | 1005-2321(2005)S0-0083-05 |
| 修稿时间： | 2004年12月19 |
Losses of nitrogen in intensive agricultural area of Dianchi Lake, Yunnan Province, South-West China |
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| LI Guang-he,ZHANG Da-yi,ZHANG Xu,GUO Hua-ming.Losses of nitrogen in intensive agricultural area of Dianchi Lake, Yunnan Province, South-West China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(Z1):83-87. |
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| Authors: | LI Guang-he ZHANG Da-yi ZHANG Xu GUO Hua-ming |
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| Abstract: | The nitrogen losses in the intensive agricultural areas around the Dianchi Lake are an important factor for non-point source pollution and eutrophication of the lake. Based on the production, fertilization methods, and the physico-chemical properties of the soils, in-situ simulation experiments were carried out to investigate the mechanisms of transport and transformation of the nitrogen, and quantitatively determine the amounts of nitrogen losses in the water-soil-biological system.Results indicate that nitrogen losses in the intensive agricultural area are mainly gaseous losses (e.g. NH_3, N_2O,NO/NO_2 and N_2), plant uptake, denitrification, and seepage. Gaseous losses are mainly influenced by temperature, soil property, fertilizer type, the method and amount of fertilization, as well as the groundwater conditions. The results of the in-situ experiment and theoretical evaluation show that the utilization rates of nitrogen in areas I and II achieved 30.8% and 20.8% by adequate fertilization, respectively, which are remarkably higher than the rates by CK, 11.5% and 8.5%, respectively. It is concluded that the adequacy of the fertilization plays an important role in the control of the nitrogen losses in the intensive agricultural areas of the Dianchi Lake. |
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| Keywords: | intensive agricultural area nitrogen loss nitrogen transport and transformation Dianchi Lake |
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