| 美国风景道政策演进：历程、特征及启迪 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 孙盼盼,余青.美国风景道政策演进：历程、特征及启迪[J].热带地理,2020,40(6):1136-1149. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 孙盼盼 余青 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 北京交通大学风景道与旅游交通研究中心，北京 100044 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(40971288);原国家旅游局综合协调司课题“旅游风景道研究”(KBI17014531) |
| |
| 摘 要： | 政策是保障和推动风景道建设与发展的重要措施、手段、依据和基本准则。文章围绕美国风景道政策演进这一主线，从演进背景、政策类型、政策主体、政策主题、政策手段等5个方面，深入剖析其百年演进历程，并在此基础上刻画和识别其演进特征。结果表明：1）美国风景道政策演进历经“萌芽酝酿”“起步探索”“成长发展”“转型变革”4个时期，是一个动态演变的历史过程，标志性政策的出台促进与推动政策变迁迈入新的进程；2）美国风景道政策演进受社会文明与思潮、经济与生态环境发展、交通建设和旅游需求、风景道自身发展等内、外各种因素的共同影响；3）法案、技术指南和研究报告“三位一体”，共同促进美国风景道政策演进；4）历经百年变迁，美国已形成由交通部门主导、多部门跨部门联合、注重公众参与的政策制定主体格局；5）美国已形成一套相对完整的风景道政策体系，涉及“建管养运”各方面。最后，基于美国经验，结合中国风景道政策现状和问题，提出未来中国应遵循风景道政策演进规律，考虑内、外影响因素，进一步丰富政策类型、设立风景道主管或牵头部门、关注“建管养运”全过程等。
|
| 关 键 词： | 风景道 政策演进 启示 美国 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-12-26 |
Scenic Byway Policy Evolution in United States: Process,Characteristics, and Enlightenment |
| |
| Panpan Sun,Qing Yu.Scenic Byway Policy Evolution in United States: Process,Characteristics, and Enlightenment[J].Tropical Geography,2020,40(6):1136-1149. |
| |
| Authors: | Panpan Sun Qing Yu |
| |
| Institution: | Scenic Byway and Tourism Transportation Research Center, Beijing Jiao tong University, Beijing 100044, China |
| |
| Abstract: | This study analyzed the American scenic byway policy evolution process from five aspects, namely policy evolution background, policy types, policy subjects, policy themes, and policy instruments. On this basis, the authors described and identified its evolution to provide some enlightenment and references for the construction and improvement of China's scenic byway policy. The results showed that: 1) the American scenic byway policy evolution process has gone through four periods, namely germination, initial exploration, growth and development, and transformation. This is a historical process of dynamic evolution and a landmark policy promotes historic turn. 2) The evolution of scenic byway policy in United States is influenced by various internal and external factors, such as social civilization and ideological trends, economic and ecological environment development, traffic construction and tourism demand, and the development of the scenic byway itself, which promote historical policy change through interaction and mutual driving. 3) The Act, technical guide, and research report are a triad that jointly promotes the evolution of the American scenic byway policy. Among them, research reports are the premise, acts play a guiding and leading role, and technical guides are practical. 4) After one hundred years of changes, America has formed a structure of policy-making, which is dominated by the transportation sector, united by multi-sector and cross-sector, and and participated by the public. The special scenic byway management organization has been established at the national level (National Scenic Byways Advisory Committee). 5) The United States has formed a relatively complete and practical value scenic byway policy system, which involves "construction, management, maintenance, and transportation" and provides comprehensive policy support and institutional guarantees. Finally, this paper proposed that China should follow the general law of the evolution of scenic trail policies, consider various internal and external factors, further enrich policy types, incorporate the scenic byway into China's national calendar system as much as possible, establish national-level scenic byway directorate or leading department as soon as possible, and pay attention to the whole process of "construction, management, maintenance, and transportation", based on the experience of the United States, combined with the current situation and problems of China's scenic byway policy. |
| |
| Keywords: | scenic byway policy evolution revelation United States |
|
| 点击此处可从《热带地理》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《热带地理》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
