Cosmic-Ray Variations During the Two Greatest Bursts of Solar Activity in the 23rd Solar Cycle |
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| Authors: | E Eroshenko A Belov H Mavromichalaki G Mariatos V Oleneva C Plainaki V Yanke |
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| Institution: | (1) Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN), 142092 Troitsk, Moscow, Russia;(2) Nuclear and Particle Physics Section, Physics Department, Athens University, Pan/polis-Zografos, 15771 Athens, Greece |
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| Abstract: | During two extreme bursts of solar activity in March–April 2001 and October–November 2003, the ground-based neutron monitor
network recorded a series of outstanding events distinguished by their magnitude and unusual peculiarities. The important
changes that lead to increased activity initiated not with the sunspot appearance, but with the large-scale solar magnetic
field reconfiguration. A series of strong and moderate magnetic storms and powerful proton events (including ground-level
enhancements, GLE) were registered during these periods. The largest and most productive in the 23rd solar cycle, active region
486, generated a significant series of solar flares among which the 4 November 2003 flare (X28/3B) was the most powerful X-ray
solar event ever observed. The fastest arrival of the interplanetary disturbance from the Sun (after August 1972) and the
highest solar wind velocity and IMF intensity were recorded during these events. Within 1 week, three GLEs of solar cosmic
rays were registered by the neutron monitor network (28 and 29 October and 2 November 2003). In this work, we perform a tentative
analysis of a number of the effects seen in cosmic rays during these two periods, using the neutron monitor network and other
relevant data. |
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