| 春节期间气象条件对南京大气环境(污染/清洁)的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙燕,张蓬勃,严文莲,潘菁菁,郑祚芳.春节期间气象条件对南京大气环境(污染/清洁)的影响[J].气象科学,2021,41(4):535-542. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙燕 张蓬勃 严文莲 潘菁菁 郑祚芳 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国气象局 交通气象重点开放实验室, 南京 210019;南京气象科技创新研究院, 南京 210019;江苏省气象局, 南京 210008;江苏省气象台, 南京 210019;中国气象局 北京城市气象研究所, 北京 100089 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目（41575010）；中国气象局预报员专项项目（CMAYBY2015-027）；江苏省环保科研课题（2014021） |
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| 摘 要： | 利用1981—2015年南京常规气象观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了南京市春节前后主要的天气形势及其对大气环境的可能影响。结果表明:(1)1981—2015年,南京地区春节前共出现冷空气过程19次,春节期间出现21次;春节前共出现降水天气过程27次,而春节期间共出现25次,降水持续时间均为2 d左右。春节前和春节期间,既没有冷空气又无降水天气过程的年份均为8 a。(2)影响的冷空气过程以中西路为主,春节前冷中心位于贝加尔湖以西,春节期间冷空气中心位置略偏南,强度略偏大;500 hPa以两脊一槽型分布,南京处于槽区,槽后冷空气不断南下影响南京;在冷空气影响下,南京以偏北风为主,且南京都处于大风速区;冷空气过程有利于污染物的清除和扩散。(3)降水过程期间,冷暖气流交汇于南京地区,南京处于南北气流交汇的鞍型场中,同时湿度大,且处于风场辐合区内,有利于降水天气的发生,进而对于大气污染物也起到了稀释和清除的作用。(4)南京市处于海平面气压的均压场中,地面风速较小,这样的天气条件不利于污染扩散;同时近地层相对湿度适中,有利于污染物半径吸湿扩大,进而增加大气污染物浓度;从温度层结来看,南京地区上空700～1 000 hPa气温基本一致,这样的中性层对污染物的向上扩散也起到一定的一致作用;上述这些气象条件都有利于大气污染浓度增加。春节期间的稳定天气形势会加剧污染天气的发生。
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| 关 键 词： | 春节期间 气象条件 大气环境 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/8/11 0:00:00 |
Effects of meteorological conditions during the Spring Festival on the atmospheric environment (polluted or clear) in Nanjing |
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| SUN Yan,ZHANG Pengbo,YAN Wenlian,PAN Jingjing,ZHENG Zuofang.Effects of meteorological conditions during the Spring Festival on the atmospheric environment (polluted or clear) in Nanjing[J].Scientia Meteorologica Sinica,2021,41(4):535-542. |
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| Authors: | SUN Yan ZHANG Pengbo YAN Wenlian PAN Jingjing ZHENG Zuofang |
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| Institution: | Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology, China Meteoroloical Administraton, Nanjing 210019, China;Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing 210019, China;Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau, Nanjing 210019, China;Jiangsu Meteorological Observatory, Nanjing 210019, China; Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China |
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| Abstract: | By using the convectional meteorological observation data in Nanjing during 1981-2015 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the major synoptic situation before and after Spring Festival over Nanjing and its effects on atmospheric environment were analyzed. Results show that:(1) during 1981-2015, there are 19 times of cold air processes and 27 times of precipitation processes occurring before Spring Festival and 21 times of cold air processes and 25 times of precipitation processes occurring during Spring Festival in Nanjing area. And all the precipitation processes lasted for two days. Before and during the Spring Festival, there are eight years found no cold air and precipitation processes. (2) The affecting cold air processes were mainly from the middle and the west areas. The cold air center before the Spring Festival was located in the west of Lake Baikal, while during the Spring Festival, the center moved to the south and its intensity strengthened slightly; the 500 hPa was distributed as two ridges and one trough, and Nanjing was located in the trough area, so the cold air behind the trough went down the south and influenced Nanjing unceasingly; under the effects of cold air, Nanjing was dominated by northerly winds and was located in the maximum tangential wind areas, moreover, the cold air was beneficial to the scavenging and diffusion of the pollutant. (3)During the precipitation processes, the cold and warm airflow intersected in Nanjing, and Nanjing was located in the saddle field of southern and northern airflow intersection, moreover, the high humidity and the location of wind convergence zone helped the occurrence of precipitation and further helped the scavenging and diffusion of the pollutant. (4) Nanjing was in the average pressure field of sea surface pressure, and the surface wind speed was small, which was not beneficial to the diffusion of pollutant; at the same time, the relative humidity over ground was moderate, which helped the moisture absorption of pollutant radius expand and further made the atmospheric pollutant concentration increase; form the temperature stratification, the temperature over 700-1 000 hPa over Nanjing was consistent, and this neutral layer had a certain effect on the upward diffusion of atmospheric pollutant; the above meteorological conditions are all beneficial to the increasing of atmospheric pollutant concentration. The stable synoptic situation during the Spring Festival would aggravate the occurrence of polluted weather. |
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| Keywords: | Spring Festival period meteorological conditions atmospheric environment |
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