Recent developments in the direct-current geoelectrical imaging method |
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| Institution: | 1. Geotomo Software, 115 Cangkat Minden Jalan 6, 11700 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia;2. British Geological Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK;3. hydroGEOPHYSICS, Inc., 2302 N Forbes Blvd., Tucson AZ 85745, USA;1. Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Via C.F. Gabba, 22, 56122 Pisa, PI, Italy;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta, 3, 50139 Firenze, FI, Italy;1. National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (IRSTEA), Hydrosystems and Bioprocesses Research Unit, 1 rue Pierre Gilles de Gennes CS 10030, 92761 Antony Cedex, France;2. Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG), Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany;1. Engineering Geology, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden;2. Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, C.F.Møllers Allé 4, Building 1120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;1. Technical Engineer, ST Geomative Co., Ltd, No.11 Gaoxin South 7th Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China;2. National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan;1. Verschuren Centre, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada;2. Department of Geophysics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;3. Engineering Geology Department, Lund University, Lund, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | There have been major improvements in instrumentation, field survey design and data inversion techniques for the geoelectrical method over the past 25 years. Multi-electrode and multi-channel systems have made it possible to conduct large 2-D, 3-D and even 4-D surveys efficiently to resolve complex geological structures that were not possible with traditional 1-D surveys. Continued developments in computer technology, as well as fast data inversion techniques and software, have made it possible to carry out the interpretation on commonly available microcomputers. Multi-dimensional geoelectrical surveys are now widely used in environmental, engineering, hydrological and mining applications. 3-D surveys play an increasingly important role in very complex areas where 2-D models suffer from artifacts due to off-line structures. Large areas on land and water can be surveyed rapidly with computerized dynamic towed resistivity acquisition systems. The use of existing metallic wells as long electrodes has improved the detection of targets in areas where they are masked by subsurface infrastructure. A number of PC controlled monitoring systems are also available to measure and detect temporal changes in the subsurface. There have been significant advancements in techniques to automatically generate optimized electrodes array configurations that have better resolution and depth of investigation than traditional arrays. Other areas of active development include the translation of electrical values into geological parameters such as clay and moisture content, new types of sensors, estimation of fluid or ground movement from time-lapse images and joint inversion techniques. In this paper, we investigate the recent developments in geoelectrical imaging and provide a brief look into the future of where the science may be heading. |
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