The nature and distribution of Cu,Zn, Hg,and Pb in urban soils of a regional city: Lithgow,Australia |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Thoracic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan;2. Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan;3. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan;4. Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan;1. Laboratory for Photovoltaics (LPV), Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 41 r. du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg;2. TDK Corporation Technical Center, 2-15-7, Higashi Owada, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8558, Japan;3. AVANCIS GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 München, Germany;1. Master of Engineering Sciences with Specialization in Biotechnology, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile;2. Escuela de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile;3. Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, Km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain;4. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile;1. Dept. Soil Sci. and Agric. Chem., Engineering Polytechnic School, Campus Univ., 27002 Lugo, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, Spain;2. Soil Sci. and Agric. Chem. Section, Dept. Plant Soil and Soil Sci., Fac. Sciences, Campus Univ., 32004 Ourense, Univ. Vigo, Spain;3. Dept. Plant and Environ. Sci., Univ. Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | This study investigates the concentration and spatial distribution of Cu, Zn, Hg and Pb in the surface (0–2 cm) soils of a regional city in Australia. Surface soils were collected from road sides and analysed for their total Cu, Zn, Hg and Pb concentrations in the <180 μm and <2 mm grain size fractions. The average metal concentration of surface soils, relative to local background soils at 40–50 cm depth, are twice as enriched in Hg, more than three times enriched in Cu and Zn, and nearly six times as enriched in Pb. Median surface soil metal concentration values were Cu – 39 mg/kg (682 mg/kg max), Zn – 120 mg/kg (4950 mg/kg max), Hg – 44 μg/kg (14,900 μg/kg max) and Pb – 46 mg/kg (3490 mg/kg max). Five sites exceeded the Australian NEPC (1999) 300 mg/kg guideline for Pb in residential soils. Strong positive correlations between Cu, Zn and Pb, coupled with the spatial distribution of elevated soil concentrations towards the city centre and main roads suggest traffic and older housing as major sources of contamination. No spatial relationships were identified between elevated metal loadings and locations of past or present industries. |
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