Numerical modeling of contaminated neutral drainage from a waste-rock field test cell |
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| Institution: | 1. Institut de Recherche Mines et Environnement, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boul. de l’Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec, Canada J9X 5E4;2. Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Pavillon Adrien-Pouliot, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (Québec), Canada G1V 0A6;3. Rio Tinto Iron and Titanium, 1625 Route Marie-Victorin, Sorel-Tracy, Québec, Canada J3R 1M6;1. Research Institute on Mines and Environment (RIME), University of Québec in Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), 445 Boul. de l’Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada;2. Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada;3. RIME, Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada;1. Université du Québec en Abitibi Témiscamingue, 445 Boul. Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada;2. Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) – Mining Environment & Circular Economy, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco;1. Université du Québec en Abitibi Témiscamingue, 445 Boul. de l’Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada;2. Université de Liège, Génie minéral, matériaux et environnement, Allée de la découverte, 13/A. Bât. B52/3 Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium;3. Nikon Metrology, 12701 Grand River Ave, Brighton, MI, 48116, USA |
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| Abstract: | Contaminated drainage related to the leaching of soluble metals under near-neutral conditions, known as contaminated neutral drainage (CND), may arise when metal species are soluble at neutral pH. Such a phenomenon has been sporadically observed in effluent from the Tio mine waste-rock pile in Quebec, Canada, particularly from older sections of the pile, where Ni concentrations are increasing with time. It has been postulated that Ni is retained within the fresh waste rock as sorbed species, but as the rock ages, sorption sites become saturated and more Ni is released to the effluent. A field test program was initiated to evaluate the geochemical behavior of the waste rock. This paper presents a numerical analysis of CND generation from waste-rock field test cells including water flow and multi-component transport with geochemical reactions (e.g. sulfide oxidation, pH neutralization, and Ni sorption), using the code MIN3P. The model was able to represent the delay before Ni is seen in the effluent, as caused by sorption of Ni onto Fe-oxide particles. Once the sorption sites are saturated, the model allows Ni release into the effluent by millerite dissolution, expressed by the shrinking core model. A sensitivity analysis indicated that sorption parameters significantly affected the simulated results, so their selection should be based on sound independent field or experimental data. |
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