Chemical budgets of the stratosphere |
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| Authors: | Paul J Crutzen Uta Schmailzl |
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| Institution: | Air Chemistry Division, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Box 3060, D-6500 Mainz, F.R.G. |
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| Abstract: | A review is given of the stratospheric budgets of odd oxygen, odd nitrogen, nitrous oxide, methane and carbonyl sulfide. The stratospheric column production rate of NO by the reaction N2O + O(1D) → 2 NO is 1.1–1.9 × 108 molecules cm?2 s?1. The stratospheric loss rates for N2O, CH4 and COS are equal to 0.9–1.4 × 109, 1 × 1010 and 0.5 × 107 molecules cm?2 s?1, respectively. From currently available information on the global distributions of N2O and CH4 there are some indications of about two times smaller OH concentrations below 35 km than those which are calculated based on the latest compilation of kinetic data.Most significantly, however, it is shown that photochemical models and available ozone observations cannot be reconciled and that there may be particularly severe problems in the 25–35 km region. This issue is thoroughly discussed.Volcanic emissions of SO2 to the stratosphere may locally lead to much enhanced ozone concentrations and heating rates. These may influence the dynamic behaviour of volcanic plumes before their dispersion over large volumes of the stratosphere. |
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