| 宁夏枸杞花期霜冻指标试验研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 段晓凤,朱永宁,张磊,王静,徐蕊,王静梅.宁夏枸杞花期霜冻指标试验研究[J].应用气象学报,2020,31(4):417-426. |
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| 作者姓名： | 段晓凤 朱永宁 张磊 王静 徐蕊 王静梅 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.内蒙古生态与农业气象中心, 呼和浩特 010051 |
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| 摘 要： | 2019年3—5月利用人工霜冻模拟箱进行枸杞现蕾期、初花期和盛花期霜冻指标试验，模拟-8~-1℃、持续1~6 h的32组不同低温和持续时间处理组合，根据室内霜冻模拟试验冻后观测结果，将受冻症状划分为3个级别，并统计每个级别的受冻率，制定霜冻等级判断标准，建立基于低温、持续时间、受冻级别和受冻率的霜冻指标；利用2018年3—5月13个点次的大田霜冻试验结果和25个枸杞种植区自然霜冻调查结果验证霜冻指标。结果表明:枸杞霜冻与低温及其持续时间密切相关，温度越低、持续时间越长，霜冻越重；现蕾期抗冻性最强，初花期抗冻性明显较现蕾期弱，盛花期一定程度上较初花期弱。利用霜冻指标判断的结果与实际灾害情况符合率较高，具有较强的实用性，可作为枸杞花期不同阶段的霜冻灾害预报及评估依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 枸杞 花期 霜冻指标 试验研究 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-01-02 |
Experimental Research on Frost Indexes for Lycium Barbarum Flowering Phase |
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| Institution: | 1.Ecological and Agricultural Meteorological Center of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 0100512.Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions, Yinchuan 7500023.Ningxia Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Yinchuan 7500024.Ningxia Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Yinchuan 7500025.Zhongning Meteorological Bureau of Ningxia, Zhongwei 755100 |
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| Abstract: | Based on researches of frost indexes of Lycium barbarum during 2016-2018, tests of frost index are performed using an artificial frost box in 2019, focusing on flower bud, early flowering and full flowering periods. The temperature of treatment is -8—-1℃, and time duration is 1-6 h, which forms 32 combinations of low temperature and time. Frozen symptoms of Lycium barbarum are divided into 3 degrees (P1, P2, P3) according to observation after freezing. The mild frost is defined as 0≤P1≤50%, 0≤P2 < 50% and 0≤P3 < 10% (P1, P2, P3 not to be zero at the same time). The medium frost is defined as 0≤P1 < 50%, P2≥50% and 0≤P3 < 10%, or 0≤P1 < 50%, 0≤P2 < 50% and 10%≤P3 < 50%. The severe frost is defined as 0≤P1 < 50%, 0≤P2 < 50% and P3≥50%. P2 and P3 are decisive for confirming frost levels. The frozen rate of each frozen degree is counted and the judgment standard of frost are formulated. In terms of these studies, frost indexes are established based on low temperature, time of duration, cold level, and rate of cold. Frost indexes are verified by using results of field experiments at 13 sites and investigations into natural frost disaster at 25 Lycium barbarum planting regions. Results indicate that frosts of Lycium barbarum are closely related to the low temperature and its duration. Lower temperature and longer duration lead to more seriously frost disasters. The frost resistance of flower bud period is the strongest, which is significantly stronger than that of early flowering period. The frost resistance of full flowering period is weaker than early flowering to some degree. The result of judgment with frost indexes and the situation of actual disaster have high compliance, coincidence rates are 92.9%, 81.8% and 91.7%, respectively. The indexes have strong practicability which can be used as basics for forecast and assessment of frost damage at different stages of Lycium barbarum flowering phase. |
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