Tephrostratigraphy and glass compositions of post-15 kyr Campi Flegrei eruptions: implications for eruption history and chronostratigraphic markers |
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| Authors: | VC Smith R Isaia NJG Pearce |
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| Institution: | 1. Istituto per l''Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Calata Porta di Massa, 80133 Napoli, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 22, Palermo, Italy;3. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy;1. Istituto per l''Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)—CNR, Calata Porta di Massa, Interno Porto di Napoli 80, 80133 Napoli, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell''Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Largo S. Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy;3. Istituto per l''Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)—CNR, Via del Mare 3, 91021 Campobello di Mazara (Tp), Italy;1. Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK;2. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.2 – Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Potsdam, Germany;3. Department of Earth Sciences, Science Labs, Durham University, Durham, UK;4. Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;5. Institute of Geosciences, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;6. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell''Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy;7. Dipartimento di Fisica “E. R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy;8. Centre of Quaternary Research, Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK;1. Dipartimento della Protezione Civile Nazionale, Rome, Italy;2. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria, Rome, Italy;3. Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy;4. Università degli Studi del Molise, Isernia, Italy;5. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de L''Environnement, UMR8212, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ and SPU Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France;6. Département de Préhistoire du Museum national d''Histoire naturelle, UMR 7194 du CNRS, 75013, Paris, France;7. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Metodologie per l''Analisi, Potenza, Italy;8. Università Federico II, Naples, Italy;9. ENEA Casaccia, Rome, Italy;1. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Roma, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Università di Roma Tre, Roma, Italy;3. Psychology Department, Dominican University of California, CA, USA;4. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Vesuviano, Napoli, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Volcanic ash (tephra) erupted from the frequently active Campi Flegrei volcano forms layers in many palaeoenvironmental archives across Italy and the Mediterranean. Proximal deposits of 50 of the post-15 ka eruptions have been thoroughly sampled and analysed to produce a complete database of glass compositions (>1900 analyses) to aid identification of these units. The deposits of individual eruptions are compositionally diverse and this variability is often greater than that observed between different units. Many of the tephra units do not have a unique glass chemistry, with compositionally similar tephra often erupted over long periods of time (1000s years). Thus, glass chemistry alone is not enough to robustly correlate most of the tephra from Campi Flegrei, especially in the last 10 kyrs. In order to reliably correlate the eruption units it is important to take into account the stratigraphy, chronology, magnitude, and dispersal of the eruptions, which has been collated to aid identification. An updated chronology is also presented, which was constrained using Bayesian analysis (OxCal) of published radiocarbon dates and 40Ar/39Ar ages. All the data presented can be employed to help correlate post-15 ka tephra units preserved in archaeological and Holocene palaeoenvironmental archives. The new database of proximal glass compositions has been used to correlate proximal volcanic deposits through to distal tephra layers in the Lago di Monticchio record (Wulf et al., 2004, Wulf et al., 2008) and these correlations provide information on eruption stratigraphy and the tempo of volcanism at Campi Flegrei. |
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