Lower and Middle Pleistocene human settlements recorded in fluvial deposits of the middle Loire River Basin,Centre Region,France |
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| Authors: | Jackie Despriée Pierre Voinchet Hélène Tissoux Jean-Jacques Bahain Christophe Falguères Gilles Courcimault Jean Dépont Marie-Hélène Moncel Sophie Robin Marta Arzarello Robert Sala Laurent Marquer Erwan Messager Simon Puaud Salah Abdessadok |
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| Institution: | 1. Département de Préhistoire, UMR 5198 CNRS, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Institut de 11 Paléontologie Humaine, 1, rue René-Panhard, 75013 Paris, France;2. Centre régional de Recherches Archéologiques, 41000 Blois, France;3. Société d’Archéologie et d’Histoire du Berry, 18000 Bourges, France;4. Dipartimento delle Risorse Naturali e Culturali, Università di Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 15 44100 Ferrara, Italy;5. Institut de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social and Area de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Plaça Imperial Tarraco 1, 43005 Tarragona, Spain;6. Maison René Ginouvès d’Archéologie et d’Ethnologie, 21 allée de l’Université, 92023 Nanterre Cedex, France;1. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain;2. Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Spain;1. Dipartimento di Lettere e Filosofia, Università di Trento, via T. Gar 14, I-38122 Trento, Italy;2. Área de Antropología Física, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Universidad de Murcia, Spain;3. Área de Prehistoria, Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Historia Medieval y Ciencias y Técnicas Historiográficas, Universidad de Murcia, Spain;4. Escuela de Ingeniería Minera, Geológica y Cartográfica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain;1. Polish Geological Institute, NRI, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Poland;2. Departament of Geoecology and Palaeogeography, Maria Curie-Sk?odowska University, Al. Kra?nicka 2cd, 20-718 Lublin, Poland;3. Department of Geomorphology and Palaeogeography, Ivan Franko National University, Doroshenka 41, 29000 Lviv, Ukraine;1. Department of Biology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 67, I-40127 Bologna, Italy;2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Italy;3. MetalGea, Bologna, Italy;1. Département de Préhistoire, Muséum national d''histoire naturelle, UMR7194, 1, rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris, France;2. US Geological Survey, ms/470, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States;3. Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH) Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca s/n, 09002 Burgos, Spain;4. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n (Edifici W3), Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;5. Àrea de Prehistòria, Dept. d''Història i Història de l''Art, Univ. Rovira i Virgili, Fac. de Lletres, Av. Catalunya, 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain;6. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l''Environnement, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France;7. GEOTOP, Université de Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada;8. CEA/I²BM, F-91401 Orsay Cedex, France;9. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of Beijing (IVPP), Beijing, China;10. Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Sinesio Delgado 4, Pabellón 14, 28029 Madrid, Spain;1. Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002 Burgos, Spain;2. Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Malaga, Spain;3. IPHES, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, C/ Marcel.lí Domingo S/n, Campus Sescelades, Edifici W3, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;4. Area de Prehistoria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avda. Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain;5. ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain |
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| Abstract: | This paper records the findings from c. 80 prehistoric sites that have been discovered in the alluvial deposits of the rivers Creuse, Cher, and Loir, tributaries of the middle Loire River, over the period since 1981. These deposits comprise river terrace aggradations formed during successive glacial–interglacial cycles which have recorded climate and environment during Quaternary time. The systematic dating of these river deposits by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) applied to optically bleached sedimentary quartz has resulted in the establishment of a chronological framework for the evolution of these rivers during Lower and Middle Pleistocene (between 1.7 Ma and 130 ka). Evidence for Early Palaeolithic (Mode 1) industries with an in situ context (workshops, soils) in the highest aggradations indicates that Hominins were present in the study area, near the geographical centre of France (47°N), around 1.1 Ma. Examination of the sites indicates that Human occupations were located along valley bottom sites during temperate episodes. Subsequently, after a gap of several hundred thousand years industries with handaxes appear in the Middle Loire Basin in the interval between 700 and 600 ka, and then continuously from 400 ka. These two phases of settlement produced industrial assemblages with clear differences in their responses to the supplies of raw materials and in the modes of making flakes. |
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