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江汉平原洪水沉积物的粒度特征及环境意义——以2005年汉江大洪水为例
引用本文:李长安,张玉芬,袁胜元,杨勇.江汉平原洪水沉积物的粒度特征及环境意义——以2005年汉江大洪水为例[J].第四纪研究,2009,29(2):276-281.
作者姓名:李长安  张玉芬  袁胜元  杨勇
作者单位:1. 中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质教育部重点实验室,武汉,430074;中国地质大学地球科学学院,武汉,430074
2. 中国地质大学地球物理与空间信息学院,武汉,430074
3. 中国地质大学地球科学学院,武汉,430074
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划),国家自然科学基金,湖北省水利厅项目 
摘    要:2005年10月初汉江发生了自1983年以来最大的一次洪水。通过对江汉下游仙桃河段不同地貌单元洪水沉积物的系统取样和分析,发现2005年汉江洪水沉积的粒度特征具有以下特点:  1)不同河道地貌单元的沉积物粒级组分有所不同,高河漫滩的粒径相对偏细,主要以粉砂级组分为主(49.56.%),粘土含量相对较高(约为4.871%)。低河漫滩和平水位边滩沉积物的粒径相对偏粗,主要以砂级组分为主(低河漫滩为82.96.%,边滩为69.72.%),低河漫滩沉积物中粘土含量较少,只有1.058.%; 2)平水位边滩沉积物的粒径的统计平均值比高河漫滩沉积物值偏大,而标准差值的统计平均值却比高河漫滩和低河漫滩沉积物的偏小;   3) 3种地貌单元中,高河漫滩的偏度平均值最大,低河漫滩的偏度平均值最小,但低河漫滩偏度平均值的分布范围却较大;   4)低河漫滩沉积的粒度参数值曲线的空间波动起伏最为明显,而高河漫滩粒度参数值的空间变化不大;   5) 3种地貌单元的峰态系数的统计平均值均大于1.15(为窄态),频率曲线表现为单峰,概率累积曲线都较平缓且均为2段式,反映了一般河流高水位沉积的基本特征。分析认为,粒度特征与河道不同地貌单元的微地貌形态和沉积结构是一致的,均是由洪水时不同地貌单元的水动力特征决定的。

关 键 词:汉江  洪水沉积  粒度特征  环境意义

GRAIN SIZE CHARACTERISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE OF HANJIANG 2005 FLOOD SEDIMENTS
Li Chang'an,Zhang Yufen,Yuan Shengyuan,Yang Yong.GRAIN SIZE CHARACTERISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE OF HANJIANG 2005 FLOOD SEDIMENTS[J].Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(2):276-281.
Authors:Li Chang'an  Zhang Yufen  Yuan Shengyuan  Yang Yong
Institution:Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology of Ministry of Education,China University of Geosciences|Wuhan430074;  |Faculty of Earth |Science|China University of Geosciences|Wuhan430074; Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics|China University of Geosciences|Wuhan430074
Abstract:Sediments of the early October 2005 heavy flood of the Hanjiang River Basin were sampled and analyzed. The grain size characteristics include: (1)The floodplain sediments are composed mainly of silts(49.56%),with high(4.87%)clay content while the point bar and the normal flow channel bed sediments are coarser and composed mainly of sands,respectively of 8286〖WTB3〗%〖WTBZ〗 and 6972〖WTB3〗%〖WTBZ〗〖KG-*5〗. Clay content of the point bar sediments is only 1.058%.(2)The average grain size of the normal flow channel bed is coarser than that of the floodplain. The average standard deviation is smaller than that of the floodplain and the point bar.(3)The floodplain sediments have the maximum skewness whereas those of point bar show the minimum skewness and have a wider distribution range.(4)The spatial distribution of grain size parameters of the point bar shows obvious change while that of the floodplain not obvious.(5)The average kurtosis coefficient of the depositional units are all above 1.15(narrow state),while the curve of frequency has one peak. The probability cumulative curve shows two gentle segments,reflecting the basic characteristics of high flow sediments. The characteristics of grain size are found to be consistent with previously published data of micromorphology and the sedimentary structure of the river.  
Keywords:Hanjiang  River  floodwater sediment  grain size characteristics  environmental significance
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