Designation processes for marine protected areas in the coastal wetlands of South Korea |
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| Authors: | Jungho Nam Jongseong Ryu David Fluharty Chul-hwan Koh Karen Dyson Won Keun Chang Hee-Jung Choi Daeseok Kang Jong Seong Khim Chang-Hee Lee |
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| Institution: | 1. Korea Maritime Institute, 1652 Sangam-dong, Seoul 121-270, Republic of Korea;2. School of Marine Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105-6715, USA;3. Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea;4. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences (Oceanography), Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;5. Department of Ecological Engineering, Pukyung National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea;6. Department of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 449-728, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | The history of Korean tidal flat management and the process for designating Coastal Wetland Protected Areas (CWPAs) are described. Korean coastal wetlands have a long history of intensive use through reclamation for agricultural and industrial uses in the 20th century. Recently, the management policy is shifting away from intensive use towards the conservation of wetlands. This shift is caused by increasing public awareness of the value of wetlands and strong institutional support from the government. Since the Wetlands Conservation Act was passed in 1999, a total of twelve CWPAs have been designated through both top-down and bottom-up processes. Three designation paths are classified based on the relevant drivers, namely government-driven designations (seven CWPAs), local community driven designations (three CWPAs), and conflict resolution (trade-offs) driven designation (two CWPAs). The lessons learned from the designation of Korean CWPAs is that diversification of designation process could facilitate voluntary participation of local stakeholders and thereby enhance the chance of successful implementation of wise use strategy of tidal flats. |
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