Interactive effects of iron,irradiance and CO2 on Ross Sea phytoplankton |
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| Authors: | Y Feng CE Hare JM Rose SM Handy GR DiTullio PA Lee WO Smith J Peloquin S Tozzi J Sun Y Zhang RB Dunbar MC Long B Sohst M Lohan DA Hutchins |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Marine and Earth Studies, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, USA;2. Hollings Marine Lab, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412, USA;3. Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412, USA;4. Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences, Gloucester Pt., VA 23062, USA;5. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China;6. Environmental Earth System Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA;7. Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA;8. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;9. Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA;10. Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland;11. Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA, USA;12. School of Earth, Ocean and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | We conducted a factorial shipboard continuous culture experiment to examine the interactive effects of altered iron, irradiance and CO2 on the summer phytoplankton community of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. After 18 days of continuous incubation, iron enrichment increased phytoplankton biomass, nutrient drawdown, diatom and Phaeocystis abundance, and some photosynthetic parameters. High irradiance significantly increased the number of Phaeocystis antarctica colonies, as well as P. antarctica abundance relative to diatoms. Iron and light had significant interactive effects on diatom and P. antarctica pigment concentrations, P. antarctica colony abundance, and Si:N, Si:C, and N:P ratios. The major influence of high CO2 was on diatom community structure, by favoring the large centric diatom Chaetoceros lineola over the small pennate species Cylindrotheca closterium. The ratio of centric to pennate diatoms was significantly responsive to changes in all three variables individually, and to all of their possible two- and three-way combinations. These results suggest that shifts in light, iron, and CO2 and their mutual interactions all play a role in controlling present day Ross Sea plankton community structure, and need to be considered when predicting the possible future responses of biology and biogeochemistry in this region. |
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