A numerical study of the barotropic tides and tidal energy distribution in the Indonesian seas with the assimilated finite volume coastal ocean model |
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| Authors: | Yang Ding Xianwen Bao Huaming Yu Liang Kuang |
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| Institution: | (1) College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China;(2) Department of Maritime System, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; |
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| Abstract: | The tides and tidal energetics in the Indonesian seas are simulated using a three-dimensional finite volume coastal ocean
model. The high-resolution coastline-fitted model is configured to better resolve the hydrodynamic processes around the numerous
barrier islands. A large model domain is adopted to minimize the uncertainty adjacent to open boundaries. The model results
with elevation assimilation based on a simple nudge scheme faithfully reproduced the general features of the barotropic tides
in the Indonesian Seas. The mean root-mean-square errors between the observed and simulated tidal constants are 2.3, 1.1,
2.4, and 1.5 cm for M2, S2, K1, and O1, respectively. Analysis of the model solutions indicates that the semidiurnal tides in the Indonesian Seas are primarily
dominated by the Indian Ocean, whereas the diurnal tides in this region are mainly influenced by the Pacific Ocean, which
is consistent with previous studies. Examinations of tidal energy transport reveal that the tidal energy for both of the simulated
tidal constituents are transported from the Indian Ocean into the IS mainly through the Lombok Strait and the Timor Sea, whereas
only M2 energy enters the Banda Sea and continues northward. The tidal energy dissipates the most in the passages on both sides of
Timor Island, with the maximum M2 and K1 tidal energy transport reaching about 750 and 650 kW m–1, respectively. The total energy losses of the four dominant constituents in the IS are nearly 338 GW, with the M2 constituent dissipating 240.8 GW. It is also shown that the bottom dissipation rate for the M2 tide is about 1–2 order of magnitudes larger than that of the other three tidal components in the Indonesian seas. |
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